悲剧英雄为何终要毁灭——试探“审悲”情结演变

Why the Tragic Hero Always be Destroyed:On the Study of the Physiological Complex of Appreciation of Tragedy

希腊悲剧自诞生以来便伴随着观众的“审悲”情结。而关于这一情结的内涵和来由,至今却并未出现明确的答解。四位不同时代的理论家对于悲剧“审悲”的观点折射出各自受到的不同时代和哲学体系之影响。在重审这些典型悲剧理论的同时,也尝试挖掘流动不居的理论背后的某种一以贯之的超越性存在,那就是崇高。亚里士多德与黑格尔对于悲剧静观沉思,其悲剧理论更多的是运用知性的审视,倾向于对于外界和自身认识能力的扩充,近似于数学的崇高;而莱辛和尼采对于悲剧的审视有着强烈的现实诉求,其理论背后的着眼点在于经验世界的建设,倾向于唤醒主体自身力量进而克服与超越外界强力所造成的痛苦,因此偏向于力学的崇高。

There are always kinds of physiological complex of appreciation of tragedy since its origin in Greek.The paper focuses on the main four Western theories of tragedy in virtue of which we could make a further elucidation on the physiological complex of appreciation of tragedy.All the four positions reveal more or less the existence of“sublimity”:Both Aristotle and Hegel focus on human reason,which means they regard tragedy and the emotions intrigued through the appreciation of tragedy as an important source of the enlargement of cognitive capabilities,which is like“mathematical sublime”,while the theories pf tragedy of Nietzsche and Lessing involves more actual considerations on the constructions of empirical world,implying the positive effects from appreciating tragedy against the difficulties caused by the secular society,and that conforms to the“dynamical sublime”.