数字技术、信贷可获得性与农户多维贫困

Digital Technology,Credit Availability and Farmers'Multidimensional Poverty

基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014—2018年三期数据,运用条件混合回归,从信贷可获得性视角考察数字技术对农户多维贫困的影响。研究发现,数字技术能减缓农户多维贫困,采纳数字技术农户的贫困降低了23%,缓解信贷约束是数字技术减贫的重要机制,且突出表现在正规信贷部门。进一步研究发现,数字技术减贫存在“精英俘获”现象,减贫红利没有被全体农户公平共享。基于贫困维度分解发现,虽然数字技术能减缓绝对收入、生活条件、医疗、教育维度的贫困,但经由信贷可获得性的减贫效应仅体现在绝对收入维度,农户信贷需求仍以满足消费性信贷为主。因此,在激发“互联网+”金融赋能乡村振兴的同时,要考虑数字红利公平共享和农户多元信贷需求等问题。

Based on the panel data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS)from 2014 to 2018,this paper uses IV-Tobit and Conditional Mixed Process(CMP)model to examine the impact of digital technology adoption on famers'multidimensional poverty and its mechanism from the perspective of credit availability.The study found that digital technology alleviated the farmers'multidimensional poverty;famers who adopted digital technology reduced multidimensional poverty by 23%.Alleviating farmers'credit constraints is the main mechanism of digital technology adoption affecting farmers'multidimensional poverty,and it is prominently manifested in the formal credit sector.Further research found that there is a certain“elite capture”phenomenon in poverty reduction effect of digital technology.Based on the multi-dimensional decomposition of poverty,it is found that digital technology adoption can alleviate the poverty level of farmers'absolute poverty,living conditions,medical treatment and education.However,digital technology is mainly reflected in the absolute poverty dimension by promoting credit.Moreover,famers'credit demand is still dominated by consumer credit,rather than productive credit.Therefore,it is necessary to fully stimulate the momentum of“Internet plus”finance in the rural revitalization strategy,but also consider the fair sharing of digital dividends and meeting the diverse credit needs of farmers.