余甘子种质资源的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of Phyllanthus emblica germplasm resources

采用简单重复序列区间(ISSR)标记技术对38份余甘子种质资源和1份近缘种进行遗传多样性与亲缘关系分析。结果表明,100条通用引物共筛选出17条适用于余甘子的分子标记研究;筛选的17条ISSR引物共扩增获得136条带,其中多态性条带126条,多态百分率为92.65%,具有丰富的遗传多样性;从聚类结果看,遗传相似系数为0.715时,可将39份供试材料分为8种类型(第1类为缅甸种,第2类为广东种,第3类为‘珍珠品系05’,第4类为泰国野生种质,第5类为云南种质,第6类为福建种质,第7类为福建种质‘山甘’,第8类为来源泰国的近缘种);福建、广东、云南3个余甘子主栽省份均表现丰富的遗传多样性,生境相似与来源相近地区的种质资源亲缘关系较近,存在明显的地域分布规律。ISSR标记可有效揭示余甘子种质资源的遗传多样性和种间亲缘关系。

In this study,we used inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)molecular markers to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships of 38 Phyllanthus emblica germplasm resources and one related species(P.reticulatus Poir.).The results revealed that a total of 136 bands were amplified using 17 selected ISSR-based primers,of which 126(92.65%)were polymorphic.Based on cluster analysis,at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.715,the 39 assessed germplasm resources could be divided into the following eight types(Myanmar species,Guangdong species,‘Zhenzhupinxi 05’,Thailand wild germplasm,Yunnan germplasm,Fujian germplasm,Fujian germplasm‘Shangan’,and related species from Thailand).Fujian,Guangdong,and Yunnan provinces are the main regions of P.emblica cultivation in China.The varieties from these regions are characterized by a rich genetic diversity and similar ecological environment.P.emblica germplasm resources of similar geographical origins were found to be closely related to and showed clear patterns of geographical distribution.The findings of this study accordingly highlight the efficacy of ISSR molecular marker technology with respect to determining the genetic diversity and relationships among diverse germplasm resources.We believe that our findings will contribute to the precise identification and breeding of P.emblica varieties.