基于生态红线划定的小流域生态保护开发研究

Study on Ecological Protection and Development of Small Watersheds Based on Ecological Protection Redlines

划定生态保护红线是加快生态文明制度建设的重要内容,在我国省级生态保护红线基本划定基础上,开展小流域尺度生态保护红线评估研究工作势在必行。以黄河上游黄土丘陵沟壑区雷坛河小流域为例,探讨了生态保护红线的划定方法:从水系结构功能性、土地生态敏感性、经济社会影响性三个方面建立小流域生态功能评价指标体系,采用层次分析法、专家评分法确定评价指标权重,采用评价指标加权叠加法计算小流域生态承载力综合指数。结果表明:雷坛河小流域生态承载力综合指数域为[0.36,6.60],将[3.00,6.60]的区域划定为生态红线区、[1.50,3.00]的区域划定为生态黄线区、[0.36,1.50]的区域划定为生态绿线区,据此确定生态红线区面积为46.7 km2、占比18.0%,生态黄线区面积为95.7 km2、占比36.9%,生态绿线区面积为116.9 km2、占比45.1%。雷坛河小流域属黄河流域同类小流域生态基底较好者,具有较好的生态保护条件与开发价值,建议将其作为典型生态小流域进行重点保护开发,为同类生态小流域建设树立典型、积累经验。

Delineation of the ecological protection redline is significant to the construction of ecological civilization.It is imperative to carry out the work in ecological protection redlines of small watersheds at provincial levels.Taking Leitan River small watershed in the gullied roll⁃ing loess area of the upper Yellow River as an example,the paper discussed the general method for delineating ecological protection redlines.Firstly,it established the evaluation index system of ecological effect,including river system structure function,land ecological sensitivity and economic⁃social influence.Secondly,it adopted analytic hierarchy process and expert scoring method to determine the weight of evalua⁃tion index field.Finally,it calculated the comprehensive index of ecological carrying capacity by weighted superposition method.The results show that the comprehensive index field of ecological carrying capacity is[0.36,6.60],taking the field of[3.00,6.60]as ecological redline zone,field of[1.50,3.00]as yellow line zone and[0.36,1.50]as green line area.Thus,the determined area of redline zone is 46.7 km2,accounting for 18.0%,the area of yellow line is 95.7 km2,accounting for 36.9%and the area of green line zone is 116.9 km2,accounting for 45.1%correspondingly.Overall,the small watershed is a better ecological base one in similar small watersheds of the Yellow River basin,having good ecological protection conditions and development value.Therefore,it suggests taking it as a typical ecological small watershed for special protection and developed in order to establish a model for similar ecological small watershed construction and accumulate experience.