磷脂酶D特性及其在功能性磷脂生产中的应用

Characteristics of phospholipase D and its application in the production of functional phospholipids

磷脂酶D(Phospholipase D,PLD)是催化磷酸二脂键水解和碱基交换反应的一类酶的总称。生产中利用PLD的转酯作用来制备功能性磷脂。本文介绍了磷脂酶的分子结构、催化机理及功能,以及磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)、磷脂酰甘油(PG)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)和磷脂酰肌醇(PI)的生产方法,包括物理萃取法、化学合成法和酶促合成法,酶促合成法是目前制备功能性磷脂最主要的方法。此外,对今后功能性磷脂的研究做了展望,期望可以通过改进技术条件、工艺体系来提高PLD的催化性能,为稀有磷脂的工业化生产提供理论及相关技术支持。

Phospholipase D(PLD)is a kind of enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis and base exchange of phosphodiesters.Functional phospholipids are prepared by transesterification of PLD.This paper introduced the molecular structure,catalytic mechanism and function of phospholipase.The production methods of phosphatidylserine(PS),phosphatidylglycerol(PG),phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)and phosphatidylinositol(PI)were mainly introduced,including physical extraction,chemical synthesis and enzymatic synthesis.Enzymatic synthesis is the most important method to prepare functional phospholipids.In addition,this paper prospected the future research on functional phospholipids.It is expected that the catalytic performance of PLD can be improved by improving the technical conditions and process system,which will provide theoretical and technical support for the industrial production of rare phospholipids.