统购统销制度下农民的多重心态与行为(1953—1957)

Difference,Resistance and Balance:Mentality and Behavior of Farmers under the System of Unified Purchase and Marketing(1953—1957)

统购统销是在国家催生基础上形成并作用于农村流通领域的制度,是国家试图改造与重塑农村经济并保障工业化战略的重要载体。统购统销制度实行后,农民的心态激烈变化,先后表现出不安、反感和激荡,之后又归于“相对平复”。与此相对应的是,其外在行为也伴有发牢骚、瞒产量、藏粮食、乱挥霍、抢购粮、闹退社等现象。可以说,面对统购统销制度,农民从初始化的迥异状态,到不同层级的不满抵制情绪与行为抗争,再到与国家互动呼应达到“暂时平衡”。在这种博弈互动与碰撞中,虽未从根本上形成国家与农民关系的良性互动,但使该制度得以存续和深化,并发展作用于几乎整个集体化时期。

The unified purchase and marketing system is a system formed on the basis of the birth of the state and acts on the field of rural circulation.It is an important carrier for the state to try to transform and reshape the rural economy and ensure the industrialization strategy.After the implementation of the unified purchase and marketing system,the mentality of farmers changed dramatically,showing uneasiness,disgust and agitation,and then returned to“relative calmness”.Correspondingly,their external behaviors are accompanied by such phenomena as complaining,concealing production,storing grain,squandering,rushing to buy grain and withdrawing from the communes.In this kind of game interaction and collision,the benign interaction between the state and farmers was not formed fundamentally,but the system survived and deepened,developed and acted on almost the whole collectivization period.