中国城市社区党组织与居委会相互关系研究——基于C、N和B市的社区案例分析

Study on the relationship between the party organization and the neighborhood committee in urban communities of China——Community case analysis based on C,N and B cities

在中国城市社区治理中,社区党组织与居委会是最关键的两个组织,两者关系对于构建共建共治共享的社区治理格局具有至关重要的作用。中共十八大以来,在党和国家社区治理战略及发展导向指导下,在中国城市社区治理内外部环境和诸多结构性关系作用下,社区党组织与居委会进一步深度融合。本文基于3市13社区的实践,对社区党组织与居委会的关系作了分析。从结构来看,社区党组织与居委会的组织结构关系是在统一领导基础上趋向融合,同时两者仍然存在着社区治理具体领域和事项的区分;从功能来看,两者之间呈现功能叠加、功能协同、功能互补和功能分工关系。在社区治理的实践中,两者也存在结构关系不平衡、功能分野不清晰、职权和功能不匹配等问题。各地为破解社区党组织与居委会的结构和功能困境,从融合程度出发探索出三种模式,而打破困境的关键在于,实现全面领导与充分保障的有机结合、基础功能与统筹一体的有机协同、权限资源与结构功能的有效匹配。社区党组织与居委会的结构和功能关系构成了两者良性互动的基础,为中国城市社区的良政善治创造了条件。

In China’s urban community governance,the community party organization and the residents committees are the two pivotal organizations,and their relationship plays a vital role in establishing a social governance model based on collaboration,participation,and common interests.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,under the guidance of the party’s and national community governance strategy and development orientation,and under the influence of the internal and external environment of urban community governance and many structural relationships,community party organizations and residents committees have further deepened their integration.Based on the practice of 13 communities in three cities,this paper analyzes the relationship between community party organizations and residents committees.From the perspective of structure,the relationship between community party organizations and residents committees tends to be integrated on the basis of leadership.At the same time,there are still differences between the two in specific areas and matters of community governance.From the functional point of view,there are various functional connections between them,which are embodied in the relationship of functional superposition,functional coordination,functional complementarity and functional division.Based on the current reality,there are also some problems,such as unbalanced structural relationship,unclear functional division,and mismatching of authority and function.In order to solve the structural and functional dilemma of community party organizations and residents committees,three modes are explored from the perspective of integration degree.The key to break the dilemma is to realize the organic combination of comprehensive leadership and full guarantee,the organic coordination of basic functions and overall arrangement,and the effective matching of authority resources and structural functions.The structure and function of the community party organization and the neighborhood committee constitute the basis of their positive interaction,which creates conditions for good governance of urban communities in China.