海上油气田采出水处理技术的现状与展望

Development Status and Prospect of Produced Water Treatment Technology for Offshore Oil&Gas Field

采出水是对油气井产出物实施多相分离的产物,海上油气田采出水处理因受平台空间和承载能力限制而有其自身特点。首先对海上油气田采出水常规单元处理技术和典型工艺流程进行全面介绍,强调特定工艺流程的合理性往往会随开采年限和环保标准等因素的变化而发生改变。然后从瞄准“零环境污染排放”、发挥耦合协同作用和攻克稠油聚驱采出水处理等3个视角,阐释了我国海上油气田采出水处理技术研发应该重点关注之处,重点展示了天然气凝析液注入聚结、紧凑型气浮和动态旋流分离等新技术的工作原理或关键内涵。最后建议国内应该重点从抓好引进技术的消化吸收再创新、提升原油处理流程分离效率改善水质、将设备设计与药剂研发密切结合以及减轻中心平台或水面平台处理载荷等方面开展工作,助推海上油气田乃至陆上油气田采出水处理领域实现降本增效。

Produced water is the product of multiphase separation of the output of oil and gas wells.The treatment of produced water in offshore oil and gas fields has its own characteristics due to the limitation and carrying capacity of platform space.The conventional unit treatment technology and typical process flow of produced water in offshore oil and gas fields are comprehensively introduced.The rationality of a specific process flow will often change with factors such as development life and environmental protection standards.From the three perspectives of“zero environmental pollution discharge”,exerting the coupling and synergy effect,and overcoming the treatment of produced water from heavy oil polymer flooding,the areas that should be focused on in the research and development of the produced water treatment technology for offshore oil and gas fields in China is introduced.The working principle or key connotation of new technologies such as natural gas condensation liquid injection coalescence,compact air flotation,and dynamic cyclone separation are emphasized.It is suggested that domestic research should focus on the digestion,absorption and re-innovation of imported technologies,improving the separation efficiency of crude oil treatment processes to improve water quality,closely integrating equipment design with pharmaceutical research and development,and reducing the processing load of central or surface platforms to help promote produced water treatment cost reduction and efficiency increase for offshore oil and gas field and even onshore oil and gas field.