石佳矿山高边坡崩塌特征与失稳模式分析

Analysis of Slope Collapse Development Characteristics and Instability Mode in Shijia Mine

高位崩塌灾害是矿山典型且频发的地质灾害,常常导致巨大的经济损失甚至人员伤亡。本文以河津市石佳矿山为研究对象,基于已有地质资料和现场调查情况,分析崩塌发育特征以及失稳模式类型,并通过Rocfall模拟危岩体失稳过程。研究结果表明:研究区受采矿扰动形成高陡裸露岩质边坡,陡倾裂隙发育,在差异风化作用下危岩体将达到极限状态,最终导致崩塌灾害;坡体中上部仍发育大量危岩体,风化程度不一,可在不确定时间内失稳崩塌。区内崩塌成因均为卸荷-拉裂型,根据危岩体特征具体分为滑移式、倾倒式、鼓胀式、坠落式。文章通过数值模拟获取了危岩失稳运动的理论路径图、弹跳高度、总动能、平移速度及停积位置分布特征等,发现危岩落石对坡脚公路、平台、厂房均有影响。河津市内分布有大量灰岩石矿,长期无序开采已对区内地质环境造成严重破坏。石佳矿山规模大,破坏严重,具有一定代表性,通过研究石佳矿山边坡崩塌失稳特征、影响因素以及运动学特征,可对河津市矿山地质灾害识别以及治理提供一定理论依据,具有现实意义。

High-level collapse disasters are typical and frequent geological disasters in mines,which often result in huge economic losses and even casualties.Taking the Shijia Mine in Hejin City as the research object,based on the existing geological data and field surveys,the characteristics of collapse development and instability mode types were analyzed,and the instability process of dangerous rock masses was simulated by Rocfall.The results show that the study area is disturbed by mining to form a high and steep bare rock slope,with steep dipping fissures developed,and the dangerous rock mass will reach the limit state under the action of differential weathering,which will eventually lead to collapse disasters.A large number of dangerous rock masses are still developed in the middle and upper part of the slope,with varying degrees of weathering,which can collapse and collapse within an uncertain time.The causes of collapse in the area are all unloading-cracking types,which are divided into slipping type,overturning type,bulging type,and falling type according to the characteristics of the dangerous rock mass.Through numerical simulation,the theoretical path diagram,bounce height,total kinetic energy,translation speed and the distribution characteristics of the stagnation position of the dangerous rock instability movement were obtained,and it was found that the dangerous rock falling has an impact on the road,platform,and factory building at the foot of the slope.There are a large number of limestone mines in Hejin City,and long-term disorderly mining has caused serious damage to the geological environment in the area.The Shijia Mine is large in scale,severely damaged,and has a certain representativeness.By studying the characteristics of the slope collapse and instability,influencing factors and kinematic characteristics of the Shijia Mine,it provides a certain theoretical basis for the identification and control of the mine geological disasters in Hejin City,which is of practical significance.