知识图谱在构建东北土地环境研究知识谱系中的应用

Application of Using Knowledge Graph to Explore the Knowledge Pedigree of the Environmental Researches in Northeast Land

我国东北地区的自然环境状况一直备受关注,其土地沙化、荒漠化、林地草地退化、森林退化、土地盐碱化等土地环境变化的原因及监测一直是科研的焦点。随着"美丽中国中脊带"的提出,位于该线东北段附近的土地环境相关的研究也不断开展。在涉及该区域土地状况的研究中,常用研究方法有实地考察以及基于遥感卫星影像来进行分析,而本文利用知识图谱技术来构建相关文献研究的知识谱系,从另一个角度探究东北土地的环境状况变化因素。首先,由于知识图谱可以广泛探究文本数据之间的关联,且便捷高效,因此本文用科学知识图谱的有关方法对目前探究东北地区土地环境变化影响因素的4318篇CNKI文献进行挖掘,再用关键词共现的方法提取大量文献中已探明的目标因素,从而构建比较全面的基于东北地区环境研究的知识谱系,这一方法不仅省时省力,而且可以归纳出比较全面的影响因素;其次,结合聚类分析归纳出影响东北地区土地变化的主要因素,并进行分析。最后,选取词频前十的因素进行汇总,统计得出东北地区土地环境变化的影响因素,如影响土地沙化的因素中,频数最高的关键词有生态环境破坏、水土流失、沙尘暴等,影响土地沙化的因素中,水土流失、土壤沙化、水资源不足等频数最高,这些因素分别代表了我国东北地区土地沙化、荒漠化、盐碱化、草地草场退化、林地退化、森林退化以及黑土地退化等土地环境变化的最主要因素。这一方法将为今后从知识图谱文本挖掘的方面深入探究地理、气候等自然现象的影响因素提供新的思路。

The natural environment in Northeast China has attracted a wide attention from the public.Land environmental changes such as land desertification,woodland grassland degradation,forest degradation,and land salinization have been the focus of scientific researches.Based on the propose of the"Beautiful China Midridge Belt",researches on land environment near the northeast section of the line are continuing.In these researches,commonly used research methods include field survey and remote sensing images analysis.The knowledge graph technology is a time-saving and labor-saving method to explore the associations between data.So this paper aims to use the method of scientific knowledge map to excavate the current literature(4318 CNKI documents)on the topic of influencing factors of land environment change in Northeast China.The cooccurrence method is used to extract the target factors in literatures,in order to construct a more comprehensive scientific knowledge map.According to the knowledge map,we can summarize the main factors that affect land environmental changes in Northeast China and perform quantitative analysis.Finally we carry out a statistical analysis and select the top ten factors by word frequency that cause environmental changes,such as land desertification,salinization,grassland degradation,woodland degradation,forest degradation,and black land degradation.For example,for the factors that affect land desertification,the keywords with the highest frequency are ecological environment destruction,soil erosion,sandstorms,etc.For the factors that affect land desertification,soil erosion,soil desertification,and water shortages have the highest frequency.This method will provide new ideas for exploring the influencing factors of geography,climate,and other phenomena from the perspective of knowledge map and text mining in the future.