面向国土空间规划的乡村空间治理机制与路径

Rural spatial governance for territorial spatial planning in China:Mechanisms and path

城乡国土空间统一用途管制背景下,乡村空间治理成为国土空间治理体系的重要组成部分。从乡村空间治理的理论内涵出发,构建了乡村空间治理理论分析框架,探讨了乡村空间治理作用于国土空间规划的内在机制和可行路径。结论如下:①乡村空间治理是以乡村空间为治理对象,通过规划和协商等方式,实现乡村空间用途有效管制,空间权利有序配置,凸显多元主体参与的“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的综合治理过程;②通过“举措—效能—目标”体系,构建了刚性与弹性结合、物质空间与空间关系交互、空间权属与空间组织叠加的乡村空间“物质—组织—权属”综合治理分析框架;③多级尺度互联互通(区域—村域—地块)的乡村空间治理特征有利于完善乡村空间治理体系;④乡村空间治理通过多种手段并施、多元主体参与、多重价值共享,完善国土空间规划体系,推进多规融合,细化国土空间用途管制,促进乡村善治和生态治理;⑤乡村空间治理通过“自上而下”和“自下而上”相结合的动员和行动策略,构建新型村庄运营模式和组织机制,为落实实用性村庄规划和乡村振兴战略创造条件。

Under the background of unified management of urban and rural space,rural spatial governance has become an important part of the spatial governance system.Conducting indepth theoretical and practical research on rural spatial governance and analyzing the mechanisms and path of rural spatial governance in national spatial planning will be conducive to improving the planning and control system of rural space.Starting from the connotation rural spatial governance,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework of rural spatial governance based on the comprehensive perspective of spatial governance,discusses the internal mechanism and feasible paths of rural spatial governance in territorial spatial planning,and then realizes the theoretical and practical research of rural spatial governance.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural spatial governance starts from the coordination theory of human-land relations in the rural regional system.Through planning and negotiation,it realizes effective control of rural space usage,and orderly allocation of space rights.Rural spatial governance highlights the comprehensive governance process that combines"top-down"and"bottom-up"participation by multiple subjects.(2)Through the"action-efficiency-target"system,the comprehensive governance analysis framework of"matter-organization-ownership"in rural space provides an effective scheme for the construction of multiple rural spatial governance that combines rigidity and flexibility,interaction between material space and space relationship,and superposition of spatial ownership and spatial organization.(3)The rural spatial governance features of interconnecting various scales(region-village-plot)are conducive to improving the rural spatial governance system.(4)The multiple governance means,participation modes and value-sharing mechanisms of rural spatial governance are conducive to enriching the territorial spatial planning system,promoting the integration of multiple regulations,refining the control of territorial space use,and ensuring good rural governance and ecological governance.(5)Rural spatial governance uses mobilization strategies of"top-down"and"bottom-up",and creates conditions for the implementation of practical village planning and revitalization strategies through the construction of new village operation models and reconstruction of organizational mechanisms.