不同降雨分配年型小麦春灌1水与播期、密度的互作效应

Interaction Effect of Irrigating Once in Spring with Sowing Date,Density of Wheat under Different Rainfall Distribution Years

为明确全生育期灌溉1水条件下灌水时期、播种密度对不同播期小麦产量的调控效应,于2014-2015,2015-20162个年度在河北开展大田试验,试验为裂区设计,设置3个播期(10月10日,10月15日和10月20日),每个播期按照延播增密原则设置2个播种密度(330×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和420×10^(4)穗/hm^(2),420×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和510×10^(4)穗/hm^(2),510×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和600×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)),全生育期灌溉1水,3个灌水时期(起身期、拔节期、拔节后7 d),结果表明:全生育期灌溉1水条件下,相同播期下,2个年度10月10日播种小麦产量均表现为增密减产(-4.5%,-1.8%),10月20日增密增产(4.6%,1.9%),而10月15日播种小麦产量因降雨分配不同而不同,降雨前少后多年份表现为增密减产,反之增产。不同灌水处理,降雨量前少后多年型10月10日播种处理小麦产量起身期最高(最高可达7933.1 kg/hm^(2)),拔节后7 d最低,而延迟播期后小麦产量以拔节期最高;增密后,起身期灌水处理增密减产,其他灌水处理增密后产量先降后升,密度330×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)和600×10^(4)穗/hm^(2)的产量较高且差异不明显。降雨量前多后少年型产量表现为拔节后7 d>拔节>起身,密度的增加不会改变灌水差异引起的产量变化。对小麦产量三因素来说,前期水分差异影响穗粒数多少,穗数的增加是实现晚播小麦高产的关键。综上所述,小麦全生育期灌溉1水前提下应根据灌水前降雨量和播种时期调整灌水时间,实现穗数或穗粒数的增加从而实现高产。

Field experiment was established in Hebei Province in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016.To clarify the effect of irrigation time,density on wheat yield at different sowing date under irrigation once in spring,experiment was designed by split zone include 3 sowing dates(Oct 10,Oct 15 and Oct 20),2 different densities at each sowing date planted according to the principle of delayed sowing and densification(330×10^(4) ear/ha and 420×10^(4) ear/ha,420×10^(4) ear/ha and 510×10^(4) ear/ha,510×10^(4) ear/ha and 600×10^(4) ear/ha),and one water carried out at 3 different irrigation times(erecting stage,jointing stage and 7 d after jointing stage)in the whole growing period.The result indicated that under irrigating once in the whole growth period,the average yield of wheat decreased with delayed sowing date and densification,but at the same sowing date of two years,wheat yield decreased(-4.5%,-1.8%)with higer density sown on October 10 and increased(4.6%,1.9%)on October 20,however,difference occurred on October 15 because of different distribution of rainfall,it decreased with higher density under less rainfall before and more after in the whole growth period,otherwise,it increased.For the different irrigation time,wheat yield was the highest irrigating at the erecting stage(7933.1 kg/ha),and the lowest at the jointing stage sown on October 10,nevertheless,the yield of wheat at jointing stage was the highest at delayed sowing date.Wheat yield of irrigating at erecting stage decreased for sowing with higher density,others decreased first and then increased and there were higher yield and less difference between the density of 330×10^(4) ear/ha and 600×10^(4) ear/ha.For more rainfall before and less after in the whole growth period,yield of different irrigation time showed 7 d after jointing>jointing>erecting and change could not happened in different irrigation time because of increased density.For the three factors of wheat yield,the difference of water at the earlier stage of the whole growth period affected the number of grains per spike,and the increase of spike number was the key to achieve higher yield for late sowing wheat.Therefore,irrigation time should be adjusted according to the rainfall before irrigation and sowing date under one water during the whole growth period,so as to increase the number of ears or grain number per ear and then achieve higher yield of wheat.