人类学视角下的苗族乡土建筑及其营造技艺——以黔东南州大树脚村为例

The Miao Nationality's Rural Architecture and Construction Methods from the Perspective of Anthropology--A Case of Dashujiao Village in Qiandongnan Prefecture

本文以建筑人类学与传统营造法交叉的视角,对黔东南州传统苗族村落——大树脚村的建筑及建筑空间的文化做出阐述。通过田野调查、工匠访谈及笔者自身对苗族文化的了解,重点阐述了大树脚村的营造技艺,包括祖传造屋方法的匠语解读、建筑术语分析、水分计算及营造工具介绍等,并以此为线索结合周边苗族村落、汉族村落进行对比分析,阐述异同及分析其可能的源流,初步探究苗族乡土建筑及其营造技艺。

From the perspective of the intersection of architectural anthropology and traditional construction technique,this paper elaborates on the architecture of Dashujiao Village,a traditional Miao village in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture,and the culture of architectural space.Through field investigation,carpenter interviews and the author’s understanding on the culture of Miao nationality,the paper focuses on the traditional construction technique of Dashujiao Village,including the interpretation of the craftsmanship of the ancestral house-building,analysis of architectural terminology,slope calculation and construction tools,etc.,and uses this as a clue to compare and analyze the surrounding Miao and Han villages,and explains their similarities and differences and predicts their possible origins.The paper conducts a preliminary exploration on Miao nationality’s vernacular architecture and its construction techniques.