法定数字货币的法律地位、作用与监管

Legal status,Role and Supervision of Legal Digital Currency

全球货币体系面临着巨大变局,货币是金融基础设施,作为数字时代的战略选择,法定数字货币将在新基础设施建设中发挥至关重要的通道作用。法定数字货币由中国人民银行(以下简称央行)发行,以国家主权信用作为背书,央行拥有绝对和完整的货币发行权,其法律性质属于基础货币,具有成本低、效率高、币值稳定等先天优势。法定数字货币的流通发行将改变金融科技生态,对现行支付清算机制产生巨大影响,央行将有效监测资金的准确动向,通过大数据分析宏观经济的整体走向和微观经济的客观需求。依托于区块链、5G等技术建立的法定数字货币体系,可以实现更为精准的货币政策效果,对抢占数字空间铸币权乃至维护国家金融主权安全稳定具有重要意义。但法定数字货币并非毫无缺陷,其发行使用可能造成更大的金融风险敞口,必须对其予以充分规制,建立立体监管机制,加强数字空间下法律与工程的结合应用,确保法定数字货币在正确的轨道上发展。

The global monetary system faces a dramatic change.Currency is one of the financial infrastructures.As a strategic choice in digital era,legal digital currency will play a vital role in the new infrastructure.Legal digital currency is issued by the central bank and endorsed by the national sovereign credit.Central bank has absolute and complete authority to issue currencies.Its legal nature is base currency,with inherent advantages such as low cost,high efficiency and stable value.The circulation and issuance of legal digital currency will change the e-cology of fintech and exert a huge impact on the current payment and settlement mechanism.The central hank will effectively monitor the accurate trend of funds and analyze the overall trend of macro economy and objective demand of micro economy through big data.Legal digital currency system is based on blockchain,5G and other technologies,which could achieve more accurate monetary policy effects.It is vital to seize mintage right in digital space,even related with the security and stability of national financial sovereignty.However,legal digital currency is not without defects.Its issuance could cause more financial risk exposure,which should he fully regulated to ensure its development on the right track,including establishment of a dimensional regulatory mechanism and strengthening the combined application of law and engineering in digital space.