从《诗经》四等相押看古韵主元音分布和介音分类

Distribution of Main Vowels and Classification of Medials of Old Chinese from the View of Four Division of Rhymes in The Book of Songs

现代古音研究中,研究和构拟上古元音和介音,主要是根据对音、方音、域外译音、反切等这些主要用来研究中古音的材料,而往上古推;《诗经》韵文主要用来研究上古音分部。但诗韵尽可能追求韵母的和谐,可以反映元音和介音的信息。通过建立《诗经》押韵数据库,统计分析全诗4540个必韵句、1695个韵段中,四等七类韵字的相押情况,比较分析相押反映的七类之间的远近疏密关系,可以从中获得古韵部主元音分布和介音分类及其关系的信息。

In modern researches of old Chinese phonology,the exploration and reconstruction of ancient Chinese vowels and medials are mainly based on materials for medieval times,including phonetics,dialects,foreign transliteration and Fanqie,and then trace back to the earlier time.The Book of Songs has been only used to study rhyme categories(Yunbu)of old Chinese,other than vowels and medials.However,rhymes in The Book of Songs,which pursue the harmony of vowels and medials,can also reflect the nature of them.This paper builds a database to analyze rhymes of The Book of Songs.There are altogether 4540 must-rhymed sentences in 1695 rhymed sections.The rhymed characters can be divided into seven groups according to Four Division(classification of finals in Chinese phonology).By comparing similarities and differences between groups reflected by the co-occurrence frequency of them in the same rhymed sections,we can know the distribution of main vowels,the classification of medials and their relations of old Chinese rhyme categories.