2017至2019年秦皇岛市沿海浴场海蜇蛰伤事件报告

Epidemiological analysis of jellyfish stings in coastal bathing beaches in Qinhuangdao City from 2017 to 2019

目的分析2017至2019年秦皇岛市沿海各浴场海蜇蜇伤的分布情况及构成特点,为海蜇蜇伤的防控、预警提供科学依据。方法统计与分析2017至2019年暑期(7月至8月)秦皇岛市沿海各浴场海蜇蜇伤者的年龄、性别、蜇伤时间、受伤部位、首发症状、蜇伤时在海中游玩时间等资料。结果秦皇岛市沿海各浴场2017、2018、2019年海蜇蛰伤人数逐年递减,3年分别为1890、492、171例;其中浅水湾沿线和东山浴场蜇伤人数较多〔2017年分别占60.90%、35.08%,2018年分别占24.39%、64.23%,2019年分别占16.96%、16.42%〕。每年海蜇蛰伤者的性别、年龄分布无明显变化〔2017年男性占57.99%,中位年龄13(8,31)岁;2018年男性占63.21%,中位年龄25(8,29)岁;2019年男性占59.65%,中位年龄12(7,31)岁〕。蜇伤部位主要为下肢(下肢受伤的比例:2018年为46.54%,2019年为45.61%),其次为上肢(上臂、肘、前臂)、躯干等;首发症状以疼痛居多(2018年为89.43%,2019年为38.29%),其次为皮疹(2018年为64.43%,2019年为59.43%)、麻木、水泡等。蜇伤事件主要发生在13:00~17:59(2018年、2019年该时间段蜇伤事件占比分别为68.09%、52.63%)。结论秦皇岛市沿海浴场海蜇蛰伤主要分布在浅水湾沿线和东山浴场,应重点加强该海域的管理,同时加大科普宣传和医疗救护,以预防高峰时段及相关浴场的海蜇蜇伤事件。

Objective To analyze the distribution and composition characteristics of jellyfish stings in various coastal baths in Qinhuangdao City from 2017 to 2019,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention,control and early warning of jellyfish stings.Methods Statistics and analysis of the age,gender,time of stings,location of injury,first symptoms,and playing time in the sea at the time of the sting,etc.of people with jellyfish stings in various bathing beaches along the coast of Qinhuangdao from 2017 to 2019(July to August)were conducted.Results The number of jellyfish stings in the coastal bathing beaches of Qinhuangdao City in 2017,2018,and 2019 was decreasing year by year,with 1890,492,and 171 cases respectively.Among them,Qianshuiwan Bathing Beach and Dongshan Bathing Beach had more stings(60.90%and 35.08%respectively in 2017,24.39%and 64.23%respectively in 2018,16.96%and 16.42%respectively in 2019).There was no significant change in the gender and age distribution of jellyfish stings each year[57.99%males in 2017,with a median age of 13(8,31)years old;63.21%males in 2018,with a median age of 25(8,29)years old;and 59.65%males in 2019,with a median age of 12(7,31)years old].Stings were mainly located at the lower limbs(the proportion of lower limb injuries:46.54%in 2018,45.61%in 2019),followed by upper limbs(upper arm,elbow,forearm),trunk,etc.The first symptom was mainly pain(89.43%in 2018,38.29%in 2019),followed by rash(64.43%in 2018,59.43%in 2019),numbness,blisters,etc.Sting incidents mainly occurred from 13:00 to 17:59(the proportion of sting incidents in this time period in 2018 and 2019 were 68.09%and 52.63%,respectively).Conclusions Jellyfish stings in coastal baths in Qinhuangdao City are mainly distributed in Qianshuiwan Baths and Dongshan Baths.The management of these sea areas should be strengthened,and scientific publicity and medical rescue should be strengthened to prevent jellyfish stings in peak hours and related baths.