承德市区气传花粉浓度监测及意义

Monitoring and clinical significance of airborne pollen concentration in Chengde

目的明确承德市区气传花粉的种类、数量及飘散规律,通过媒体发布花粉指数;结合临床患者的发病和变应原数据,明确花粉过敏患者特征。方法采用重力沉降法连续采集监测2020-03-012020-10-15河北省承德市区每日花粉颗粒,在光学显微镜下计数并鉴定花粉的种类。分析同时间段门诊就诊患者的特异性IgE(specific IgE,sIgE)检测结果。结果全年共检出花粉22 427粒,鉴定出26个科的植物花粉。全年花粉含量月分布呈现2个高峰,一个较大高峰在35月,主要气传花粉为松、白蜡、桦、榆、柏、桑树等树木花粉,占全年花粉总量的86.19%;另一个高峰在89月,以蒿、葎、藜及禾本科等草本植物为主,占全年花粉总量的11.45%。血清sIgE检测结果显示花粉过敏患者98例,占阳性变应原的72.06%(98/136),其中蒿变应原阳性患者占70.59 %(96/136)。另外,患者检测时间在4月和8月较高,与花粉播散时间相符。结论本研究首次明确承德市城区的花粉种属,树木花粉是主要花粉来源。但是,变应原检测结果显示,引起过敏人数最多的花粉是菊科蒿属花粉。

OBJECTIVE To determine the species,quantity and dispersion law of airborne pollen in Chengde urban area,and publish pollen index through media;combined with the incidence and allergen data of clinical patients,to clear the characteristics of patients with pollen allergy.METHODS Pollen particles were collected by gravity settling method,and pollen species were counted and identified under optical microscope from March 1,2020 to October 15,2020 in Chengde,Hebei Province.The results of allergen specific IgE(sIgE) in patients who visited the outpatient department during the same period were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 22 427 pollen grains wasdetected and 26 families of plants were identified.The distribution of pollen grains showed two peaks.One peak was between March and May.The main airborne pollens were pine,ash,birch,elm,cypress and mulberry,accounting for 86.19% of the total annual pollens.Another pollen peak was in August and September,which was dominated by Artemisia,Humulusscandens,Chenopodium and Gramineaegrasses,accounting for 11.45% of the annual pollen.The results of serum sIgE tests showed that there were 98 patients with pollen allergy,accounting for 72.1%(98/136) of the positive patients,among which the patients with Artemisia allergy accounted for 70.59%(96/136).Furthermore,the allergen detection time of patients was more in April and August,which was consistent with the pollen dissemination time.CONCLUSION The pollen species in Chengde city were identified for the first time,and tree pollen was the main source of pollen.Interestingly,allergen tests show that the pollen that causes the most allergies is Artemisia.