以爱之名:论《101/2章世界史》中的生态人文主义思想

Ecological Humanism in A History of the World in 101/2Chapters

当代英国小说家朱利安·巴恩斯的小说《101/2章世界史》对不同历史时期各种人与动物关系的反思折射了作者充满人文关怀的生态思想。本文以布莱恩·莫里斯提出的生态人文主义概念为参照,结合当代的深生态、生态女性主义和动物研究方面的理论,围绕小说对《圣经》中方舟神话的戏仿、对中世纪动物审判庭审记录的仿写、对消费社会中同为“他者”的女性与动物的同情以及对以爱为基础的生态关系的建构4个方面展开论述,深入剖析巴恩斯生态人文主义思想的双重内涵:既融合了人与自然和谐共生的生态主张,同时也体现了人通过道德、艺术和爱获得超越的人文主义思想;而巴恩斯对爱的本质的独特阐释是其生态人文主义思想的核心,也是构建和谐生态系统的有效立场。

Reflections on various types of human-animal relationship in A History of the World in 101/2Chapters display the humanistic ecological thinking of contemporary British writer Julian Barnes.With a reference to Brian Morris’s definition of ecological humanism as well as in comparison to the propositions of deep ecology,ecofeminism and animal studies,this essay explores the double connotation of Barnes’s ecological humanism from the perspectives of his parody of the Biblical myth of Noah’s Ark,pastiche of a Middle Age’s animal trial,sympathies for women and animals as“the other”in consumer society and construction of an ecological relationship based on love.While incorporating the symbiotic ecological relationship,this thinking embodies the humanistic insistence on human transcendence through morality,art and love.Barnes’s unique elaboration on the essence of love is the core of his ecological humanism and a valid ecological position in constructing a harmonious ecological system.