政治经济学批判视阈中正义的价值理路——基于《资本论》的政治哲学分析

The Value of Justice from the Critical Perspective of Political Economies: A Political-Philosophical Analysis of Das Kapital

历史唯物主义政治哲学是事实与价值联袂而生、实然性与应然性内在融通、以政治价值理性寓于历史客观规律为基本范式的理论。离开价值性,政治哲学就会沦为"塔克—伍德"式科学主义的事实论断;离开事实性,政治哲学又会走向科恩和胡萨米式关于政治理想的道德论证。鉴于此,历史唯物主义政治哲学的当代建构必须以科学阐释生产方式和交换方式的政治经济学——《资本论》为理论地基。唯有如此,作为政治哲学核心范畴的正义思想才能得以澄明和彰显。《资本论》通过批判资本主义生产方式的非正义性,揭露了资本主义政治哲学自由、平等、民主、人权等政治价值的虚伪性,实现了历史唯物主义政治哲学的科学建构与价值阐释,一种代表人类社会进步方向、以实现每个人自由而全面发展为价值旨归、合规律性与合目的性内在统一的政治哲学应运而生。

Historical materialist political philosophy is a theory in which facts and values are joined,in which actuality and contingency are inherently integrated,and in which the reason of political value is embedded in the objective laws of history.Without value,political philosophy would be reduced to scientistic assertions of facts in a "Tucker-Wood" style;without facts,it would be no more than moral arguments about political ideals in a "Cohen and Hussami" manner.In view of this,the contemporary construction of a political philosophy of historical materialism must be based on Das Kapital,a political economics that scientifically explains the modes of production and exchange.Only in this way can the idea of justice,the core category of political philosophy,be clarified and demonstrated.Through criticising the injustice of the capitalist mode of production and exposing the hypocrisy of political values such as freedom,equality,democracy and human rights in capitalist political philosophy,Das Kapital achieves the scientific construction and value interpretation of a political philosophy of historical materialism,a political philosophy that represents the future of human progress,that takes the realization of the freedom and all-round development of each individual as its value,and that achieves the intrinsic unity of conformity and purposefulness.