基于MSPA和MCR的土地生态适宜性评价——以韶关市始兴县为例

Evaluation of Land Ecological Suitability based on GIS and Least cumulative Resistance Model——A Case Study of Shixing County,Shaoguan City

生态文明建设的背景下,认清土地生态适宜性及其等级成为城市合理规划的前提。利用形态学空间格局分析选定生态源地,以生态需求用地、城市建设用地两种用地扩张类型作为目标层,选定地形、水域、植被覆盖、土地利用、交通5个因子作为评价因子构建评价指标体系,通过层次分析法确定权重,最终利用最小累积阻力模型得出韶关市始兴县的土地生态适宜性分区。结果表明:(1)禁止建设区面积为128.971km 2,占全县总面积的5.5%,用地类型主要为林地,地形起伏较大,地势较高,生态价值高,主要分布在始兴县的沈所镇、深渡水乡、罗坝镇等区域;(2)限制建设区面积为1681.921km 2,占总面积的71.8%,主要分布于始兴县的西北部、东部、南部等区域,具体用地类型为林地、耕地、湿地、水体等;(3)优化建设区面积为236.768km 2,占总面积的10.1%,用地类型主要为耕地,地势相对平坦,主要分布在建成区的周围,靠近中心城区,交通便利,属于城镇建设的缓冲区域;(4)重点建设区总面积为293.619km 2,占全县总面积的12.5%,地势较低,地形起伏较小,较为平坦,主要分布在始兴县的马市、太平、顿岗、城南、沈所五个镇。研究还对各区的空间分布提出了相对应的发展建议,以期为未来始兴县土地规划布局提供支撑与参考。

Under the background of ecological civilization construction,a clear understanding of land ecological suitability and its level has become the premise of rational urban planning.Selected ecological source,the spatial pattern analysis based on morphology to ecological demand land,urban land expansion of construction land two types as the target layer,selected the terrain,water,vegetation,land use,traffic five factors as evaluation factors to construct the evaluation index system,weights determined by analytic hierarchy process(ahp),finally using minimum cumulative resistance model of Shaoguan Shixing county land ecological suitability zoning.The results showed as follows:(1)The area of the prohibited construction area was 128.971km 2,accounting for 5.5%of the total area of the county.The land use type was mainly woodland,with large undulating terrain,high terrain and high ecological value,and it was mainly distributed in Shensuo Town,Shendu Water Town and Luoba Town of Shixing County.(2)The area of restricted construction area is 1681.921km 2,accounting for 71.8%of the total area,mainly distributed in the northwest,east and south of Shixing County,and the specific land types are woodland,cultivated land,wetland,water body,etc.;(3)The area of the optimized construction area is 236.768km 2,accounting for 10.1%of the total area.The land type is mainly cultivated land,and the terrain is relatively flat.It is mainly distributed around the built-up area,close to the central urban area,with convenient transportation,and belongs to the buffer area of urban construction.(4)The total area of the key construction area is 293.619km 2,accounting for 12.5%of the total area of the county.It is relatively flat and low-lying,and it is mainly distributed in the five towns of Mashi,Taiping,Denggang,Chengnan and Shensuo in Shixing County.The research also puts forward the corresponding development suggestions for the spatial distribution of each district,in order to provide support and reference for the future land planning and layout of Shixing County.