《现代人》创办时期文学的商业化大众化状况——从果戈理和舍维廖夫的两篇文章谈起

Conditions of Commercialization and Popularization of Literature During the Startup of The Contemporary——Discussion from Gogol’s and Shevyrev’s Articles

1835年舍维廖夫的《文学与商业》,1836年果戈理的《论1834和1835年杂志文学的动向》两文挑起了关于文学商业化大众化的争论。此时创办的《现代人》也被裹挟在20—30年代俄国这股文学商业化的浪潮中。舍维廖夫抨击文学的商业化倾向,果戈理认为问题不在于文学是否商业化,而在于文学是否具有内在品质。具有贵族性的《现代人》因曲高和寡而面临生存的困境。普希金并不简单否定文学的商业化大众化,但他也坚持杂志的思想高度与艺术价值。

Shevyrev’s article Literature and Trade in 1835 and Gogol’s article On Tendency about Magazine Literature Between 1834 and 1835 in 1836,both provoked a debate on commercialization and popularization of literature.At that time,the startup of The Contemporary was also involved in the wave of commercialization of literature during the 1820s and 1830s in Russia.Shevyrev attacked its commercial trend,but Gogol insisted the core issue was not literature’s commercialization but its inherent quality.With the nobility,The Contemporary faced the dilemma in the business of its subsistence for it was too high-minded to be popular.Pushkin had never simply denied that the commercialization and popularization matter,but he also stressed the importance of insight thoughts and artistic value of the magazine.