假设句的非现实性特征和表达功能

On the Irreality of Hypothetical Sentence and Its Expressing Function

通过对实例的统计分析发现,假设句分句中核心谓词具有非自主倾向,宾语具有弱受动性,实体义成分少且无指成分多,还常出现表非现实情态义的能愿动词和语气副词,而排斥现实情态义语气副词。这些句法特征充分证明假设句是一种非现实性认识情态句。假设句也是一种推断性因果关系句,其基本逻辑功能是表达假言命题或判断,具有类比关系和反事实意义的假设句,能够表达类比推理或假言推理。假设句具有表推知、应变、疑问和评议等语用功能,多在非叙事语篇中用于说理论证,有时具有篇章衔接功能。

Through a statistical analysis of examples,it is found that the core predicate in the hypothetical clause has the tendency of non-volitionality,and the object has the weak passivity.In addition,there are few substantives and more non-referential elements,and there are often modal verbs and adverbs with unreal modal meanings,excluding modal adverbs with the real meaning.These syntactic features fully prove that the hypothetical sentence is an epistemic modal sentence with irreality.The hypothetical sentence is also a kind of inferential causal sentence.Its basic logical function is to express hypothetical proposition or judgment,but the hypothetical sentence with analogy and counter-factual meanings can express analogical reasoning and hypothetical reasoning.The hypothetical sentence has such pragmatic functions including inference,response,question and comment.It is mostly used in non-narrative texts to reason and argue,and sometimes it also has textual cohesion functions.