车轴表面滚压工艺技术研究

Research on Rolling Process of Axle Surface

车轴是轨道车辆行走部分的核心元件,是轨道车辆承载重量和安全运行的关键零件。在轨道车辆运行过程中,车轴承受运行颠簸中的交变载荷作用,长时间在大载荷、滑动摩擦条件下工作,车轴表面极易产生疲劳裂纹,导致车轴疲劳失效,提高车轴的表面性能、耐磨性、抗疲劳性能至关重要。针对轨道车辆车轴高表面性能、高抗疲劳强度的要求,开展车轴表面滚压加工工艺技术研究,进行了车轴滚压加工工艺试验,通过分析主轴转速、进给速度、滚压力和吃刀量对滚压车轴表面粗糙度和表面硬度的影响,得到了最优滚压工艺参数,经滚压后的车轴表面由拉应力变为压应力,表面粗糙度和表面硬度都得到显著提升,极大延长了车轴的使用寿命,满足了轨道车辆车轴的使用要求。

The axle was the core component of the walking part of the rail vehicle,and it was the key part of the bearing weight and safe operation of the rail vehicle.In the running process of rail vehicles,the axle bear the alternating load in the running turbulence,and worked under the condition of large load and sliding friction for a long time.The surface of the axle was easy to produce fatigue cracks,which leaded to the fatigue failure of the axle,so it was very important to improve the surface performance,wear resistance and anti fatigue performance of the axle.According to the requirements of high surface performance and high fatigue strength,carried out the rolling process technology research of axle,the rolling process test of axle was carried out.Through analyzing the influence of spindle speed,feed speed,rolling pressure and cutting tool amount on the surface roughness and surface hardness of rolling axle,the optimal rolling process parameters were obtained.After the rolling experiment,the surface of the axle was obtained from the tensile stress changes to compressive stress,and the surface roughness and surface hardness were significantly improved,which greatly extended the service life of the axle and met the requirements of the axle of the rail vehicle.