某电站方舱降噪方法研究及工程实践

Research and Engineering Practice of Noise Reduction for Power Station Shelter

电站方舱在军事、救援保障、应急供电等领域有着广泛的应用,但电站方舱内油机工作时噪声较大,长时间处于高噪声环境下对工作人员生理、心理均有较大伤害,因此,降噪设计是电站方舱设计中不可避免的重要部分。某电站方舱布局和噪声源分析结果表明,油机做功引起的噪声、油机进排风口气流噪声以及油机本身振动噪声是电站方舱的主要噪声源。通过对油机进行裸机噪声测试,并对噪声信号进行分析,结果表明,油机噪声可达100 dB。针对噪声源及噪声特性,从消声、隔音、减振等方面对电站方舱进行降噪设计。对吸声材料特性进行理论分析和研究,并针对噪声频率特性,选用合适的吸声材料在方舱内布置吸音层。通过合理有效的降噪措施,成功实现了将机组噪声从100 dB以上降低到80 dB以下,较大提高了电站方舱的工作舒适度。

Power station shelter was widely used in military,rescue support,emergency power supply and other fields,but the noise of engine in power station shelter was large when it worked,and it would do the bigger harm to the physiology and psychology of workers when they worked in high noise environment for a long time.Therefore,noise reduction design was an inevitable important part of power station shelter design.The results of the layout and noise source analysis of a power station shelter showed that the main noise sources of the shelter were the noise caused by the work of the oil engine,the air flow noise at the air inlet and outlet of the oil engine and the vibration noise of the engine itself.Through the bare metal noise test of the engine and the analysis of the noise signal,the results showed that the oil engine noise could reach to 100dB even more.According to the noise source and noise characteristics,the noise reduction design of power station shelter was carried out from the aspects of noise elimination,sound insulation and vibration reduction.Theoretical analysis and research on the characteristics of sound-absorbing materials were carried out,and according to the noise frequency characteristics,appropriate sound-absorbing materials were selected to arrange the sound-absorbing layer in the shelter.Through reasonable and effective noise reduction measures,the noise of the unit was successfully reduced from more than 100dB to less than 80dB,which greatly improved the working comfort of the power station shelter.