人工智能机动车出行算法的法律规制

Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Vehicle Travel Algorithm

人工智能机动车出行算法提供的服务包含“纯信息交互”类、“信息交互+居间服务”类和“信息交互+自营服务”类三类,已涌现出网约出租车、网约合乘车、网约代驾、共享汽车等成熟的商业模式。中国关于人工智能机动车出行算法的法律规制存在明显的立法错配:多数服务不存在专门立法,直接适用与其法律性质最相关的已有立法;网约出租车则由《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》这一全国统一的专门立法予以规制;网约合乘车不存在中央专门立法,但由城市地方先行立法予以规制。立法错配现象导致中国人工智能机动车出行算法存在明显的规则冲突、制度琐碎和经营者合规困难等问题,并为经营者规避法律规制提供了更多可能性,造成了一定的社会风险。未来应制定《网约机动车出行信息交互平台监督管理办法》,以确立人工智能机动车出行算法的统一法律规制框架。

The services provided by artificial intelligence vehicle travel algorithms include“pure information interaction”,“information interaction+intermediary services”and“information interaction+self-service”.Mature business models such as online taxi-hailing,online carpooling,online appointment driving,and car sharing have emerged.There is an obvious legislative mismatch in the legal regulation of artificial intelligence vehicle travel algorithms in China:there is no special legislation for most services,and the existing legislation most relevant to their legal nature is directly applicable;while online taxis are regulated by the“Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Taxi Booking Operation Service”,which is a national unified special legis⁃lation;there is no unified special legislation for online carpooling,but it is regulated by some urban local legislations.The phe⁃nomenon of legislative mismatch has led to obvious rule conflicts,trivial systems,and difficulty in compliance for operators in China’s artificial intelligence vehicle travel algorithms.It also provides more possibilities for operators to evade legal regulations and creates certain social risks.In the future,it is necessary to formulate the“Measures for the Supervision and Management of the Interactive Platform for Online Motor Vehicle Travel Information”and establish a unified legal and regulatory framework for ar⁃tificial intelligence vehicle travel algorithms.