特质性与状态性孤独、社会支持、日常生活活动能力对养老机构老年人舒适影响的路径分析

Pathway analysis of impact of trait versus state loneliness,social support and activity of daily living on the comfort among older adults living in nursing homes

目的:探讨特质性与状态性孤独、社会支持、日常生活活动能力对养老机构老年人舒适的影响,并分析其路径关系。方法:采用Kolcaba舒适量表、特质性与状态性孤独量表、社会支持评定量表与日常生活活动能力量表对2019年3月―2019年11月入住合肥市7家养老机构的347名老年人进行问卷调查。结果:养老机构老年人Kolcaba舒适量表得分(83.52±7.39)分,情感孤独特质对舒适既有直接效应也有间接效应,总效应为-0.849;状态性孤独可直接作用于舒适,总效应为-0.470;特质孤独程度可通过状态性孤独对舒适发挥间接效应,总效应为-0.469;社会支持能够通过直接和间接效应同时影响舒适,总效应为0.303。结论:养老机构老年人的舒适整体处于中等水平。情感孤独特质、状态性孤独、孤独特质程度、社会支持是影响养老机构老年人舒适的重要因素。

Objective:To explore the impact of trait versus state loneliness,social support and activity of daily living on the comfort of elderly people in nursing homes,and to analyze the pathway relationships.Methods:A total of 347 older adults living in seven nursing homes in Hefei from March 2019 to November 2019,were recruited to collect data by using the General Comfort Questionnaire,Trait versus State Loneliness Scales,Social Support Rating Scale and Activity of Daily Living Scale.Results:The total score of the comfort of older adults was 83.52±7.39.Emotional trait loneliness had both direct and indirect effects on the comfort,and the total effect value was-0.849.State loneliness had strong effect on the comfort,and the total value was-0.470.The degree of trait loneliness could indirectly affect the comfort by state loneliness and the effect value was-0.469.Social support could directly and indirectly affect the comfort,and the total effect value was 0.303.Conclusions:The overall level of the comfort of older adults in nursing homes was at middle level.Emotional trait loneliness,state loneliness,the degree of trait loneliness,and social support were key factors affecting the comfort of older adults living in nursing homes.