闽南红锥优树子代生长性状测定与选择

Determination and Selection for Growth of Progeny of Castanopsis hystrix superior trees in Southern Fujian

为筛选出红锥优良种质应用于生产以及为进一步的遗传育种提供基因资源,于2016-2020年在福建省华安金山国有林场对来自闽南地区的26份红锥优树子代试验林的生长性状进行测定、评价和筛选。结果表明:参试优树子代均在造林后第3年开始进入速生期,生长迅速并逐渐郁闭,速生期树高年均生长量可达1.6~2.0 m,胸径年均生长量可达2.0 cm以上;5.5年生时,参试子代间的林分保存率、树高、胸径、材积均存在极显著差异,遗传力均较高分别达0.9515、0.8497、0.7826、0.8015,而枝下高、冠幅却未达显著差异且遗传力相对较低。以林分保存率、树高、胸径、材积为指标,初步选择出生长性状较优、适应性较强、遗传增益较高的优良种源为华安和安溪种源,材积的遗传增益达5.28%~15.85%;选出优良家系有云霄4号、池塘底A326、池塘底A327、池塘底24、池塘底25、华安1号、华安4号、安溪A316、安溪A320,入选率为34.62%,这9个初选优良家系5.5年生时林分的保存率、树高、胸径、材积分别达83.72%~93.29%、6.67~7.92 m、6.28~6.70 cm、0.0119~0.0147 m^(3),树高、胸径、材积的遗传增益分别达0.26%~16.23%、1.40%~6.72%、5.01%~25.05%。

In order to screen excellent germplasm materials of Castanopsis hystrix for application in production and provide gene resources for further genetic breeding,progeny determination of Castanopsis hystrix superior trees was developed in Jinshan State Owned forest Farm of Hua′an,from 2016 to 2020.The growth characters of experimental forest of 26 progenies of Castanopsis hystrix from south of Fujian were determined,evaluated and selected.Results showed that the tested progenies of superior trees began to enter the fast-growing stage in the third year after afforestation,and began to close gradually.The average annual growth of height during the fast-growing period could reach 1.6~2.0 m and DBH′s could reach 2.0 cm at least.At the stage of 5.5-year-old forest,there were extremely significant differences of stand preservation rate,tree height,DBH and volume among the tested progenies.The heritability of stand preservation rate,height,DBH and volume were high and reached 0.9515,0.8497,0.7826 and 0.8015 respectively.There were no extremely significant differences of height under branch and crown width among the tested progenies,and the heritability was relatively low.Based on the stand preservation rate,tree height,DBH and volume,Hua′an and Anxi provenances with better growth traits,stronger adaptability and higher genetic gain were preliminarily selected,and the genetic gain of volume was 5.28%~15.85%.The excellent families were Yunxiao 4,pond bottom A326,pond bottom A327,pond bottom 24,pond bottom 25,Hua′an 1,Hua′an 4,Anxi A316 and Anxi A320 and the excellent rate reached 34.62%.These families had strong adaptability,obvious growth traits and high genetic gain.At the 5.5-year-old young stand,the survival rate,tree height,DBH and timber integral of the stand were 83.72%~93.29%,6.67 m~7.92 m,6.28 cm~6.70 cm and 0.0119~0.0147 m^(3),respectively.The above families′genetic gains of tree height,DBH and volume reached 0.26%~16.23%,1.40%~6.72%and 5.01%~25.05%,respectively.