青海云杉雌雄花比例对球果生长和产种量的影响

Effects of Different Female and Male Flower Proportion on Cone Growth and Seed Yield of Picea crassifolia Kom

为了提高青海云杉采种林种子产量和质量,于2018年在甘肃省武威市天祝藏族自治县华藏寺镇南山村青海云杉人工采种林,采用人工疏除部分雄球花的方法对比研究不同雌、雄球花比例(1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶6、1∶7)对球果生长发育、产种量和种子质量的影响。结果表明:疏除部分雄球花后,青海云杉球果长度、直径、鲜重、产种量、千粒重、种子发芽率和发芽势均随着雄球花比例的减少先提高后降低,当雌、雄球花比例为1∶3时,球果长度、直径、鲜重、产种量、千粒重、种子发芽率、发芽势均最高,分别为10.25 cm、4.35 cm、36.35 g、1.45 g·果^(-1)、9.01 g、93.22%、73.65%,较对照(未经处理的采种林,雌、雄球花比例为1∶8)分别提高61.42%、113.24%、61.34%、90.79%、24.97%、8.09%、15.97%,差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。

In order to increase seed yield and quality of Picea crassifolia Kom nurse-crop,we reduced some male flowers of Picea crassifolia Kom artificial forest in Huazangsi Town Nanshan Village,Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,Wuwei City,Gansu Province in 2018,the effects of different female and male flower proportion(1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5,1∶6,1∶7)on cone development,seed yield and quality were studied.The result showed that after some male flowers were reduced,the length,diameter and fresh weight of cone,seed yield,thousand-grain weight,germination rate and potential of seed were increased first then decreased with male flower proportion decreased,while the female and male proportion was 1∶3,the length,diameter and fresh weight of cone,seed yield,thousand-grain weight,germination rate and potential of seed were the highest on all treatment,which were 10.25 cm,4.35 cm,36.35 g,1.45 g·fruit^(-1),9.01 g,93.22%and 73.65%,increased 61.42%,113.24%,61.34%,90.79%,24.97%,8.09%and 15.97%compare to CK(untreated nurse-crop,the female and male proportion was 1∶8),the differences were extremely significant(P<0.01).