播种期对宁夏引黄灌区鲜食大豆表型及产量的影响研究

Effect of Sowing Time on Phenotype and Yield of Vegetable Soybean in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia

从低纬度地区的江苏、浙江引种鲜食菜用大豆在宁夏引黄灌区种植,不同播种期试验结果表明:引种的鲜食菜用大豆品种株高、主茎节数、单株分枝数、有效分枝数是决定株型的主要因素;一粒荚、二粒荚、多粒荚、单株荚数、百粒鲜重是构成鲜荚产量的重要因素;随着播种期的延迟,大豆整个生育期缩短,鲜荚及成熟后的籽粒产量(干重)减少。其中:苏新6号表现早熟,全生育期119 d,适宜播种期为4月28日,鲜荚口感品质最优,鲜荚和籽粒产量(干重)最高,分别为14873.4、3844.8 kg/hm^(2);萧农秋艳表现晚熟,全生育期135 d,适宜播种期为4月18日,鲜荚口感品质最优,鲜荚和籽粒产量(干重)最高,分别为13228.8、3183.6 kg/hm^(2)。建议苏新6号、萧农秋艳可作为早熟、晚熟鲜食菜用大豆品种在宁夏引黄灌区推荐种植。

Vegetable soybeans introduced from Jiangsu and Zhejiang were planted in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia.The results during different sowing time showed that plant type of the introduced vegetable soybean was mainly affected by plant height,node numbers of main stem,individual branch number and effect branch number.Fresh pod yield was mainly composed of one-seed pods,two-seed pods,multi-pods,pod number per plant and 100-seed fresh weight.With the sowing time delaying,the whole growth period of soybean decreased,and fresh pod number and matured grain yield(moisture-free weight)decreased.Among them,Suxin No.6 had early maturity,whole growth period of 119 d,suitable sowing time of April 28th,best fresh pod palatability,and the highest fresh pod number and grain yield(moisture-free weight)of 14873.4 and 3844.8 kg/hm^(2).Xiaonongqiuyan had late maturity,whole growth period of 135 d,suitable sowing time of April 18th,fresh pod palatability,and the highest fresh pod number and grain yield(moisture-free weight)of 13228.8 and 3183.6 kg/hm^(2).Suxin No.6 and Xiaonongqiuyan are suggested to be early and late maturing vegetable soybean varieties planted in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia.