清理整顿:中国政府管理社会组织的一种非常规手段

Clean-up and Rectification:An Unconventional Method Adopted by the Chinese Government to Manage Social Organizations

清理整顿是最具中国特色的社会组织管理方法,也是理解当代中国社会组织管理实践的重要视角。改革开放后,政府统一部署了三次大规模的、全国性的清理整顿社会组织活动。从总体上看,清理整顿呈现如下特点:自上而下推动、参与部门广泛、持续时间长、全面排查与重点打击相结合、周期性发生。政治稳定考量、管理体制缺陷、运动式思维惯性、社会组织羸弱是政府清理整顿社会组织的主要原因。清理整顿具有一定的现实合理性和不可低估的积极作用。但是,从促进社会组织健康发展的角度来看,清理整顿的负面影响也是显而易见的,如妨碍社会组织管理的法治化、延缓社会组织的发育进程、强化社会组织的行政化色彩、导致社会组织发展的不平衡性。

As a method to manage social organizations,clean-up and rectification is the one with the most distinctive Chinese characteristics,and offers an important perspective to understand the social organization management practices in contemporary China.Since the reform and opening up,the Chinese government has launched three large-scale,nationwide and unified campaigns for the clean-up and rectification of social organizations.On the whole,those campaigns present the following characteristics:top-down,extensive,enduring,targeted while comprehensive,and periodic.Such campaigns are mainly due to political stability considerations,management system defects,inertial campaign thinking,and weak social organizations.While there are certain realistic rationality and positive effects that cannot be underestimated,from the perspective of healthy development,the negative effects are also obvious in that they hinder the legalization of social organization management,delay the development of social organizations,strengthen the administrative tint of social organizations,and cause imbalance of the development of social organizations.