行距和施肥对饲用燕麦产量和营养品质的影响

Effects of row space and fertilization on forage oat yield and nutrient quality

为探讨饲用燕麦的最佳播种行距和施肥管理模式,本试验采用双因素随机区组设计,对不同行距(20、25、30 cm)和不同复合肥施用水平(0、450、600 kg/hm^(2))下的饲用燕麦产量和营养成分进行研究。结果表明:(1)随着行距增加,饲用燕麦干草产量下降,株高先增后降,干物质、淀粉、非纤维碳水化合物和非结构碳水化合物含量先降后略有增加,其中行距20、25 cm处理干草产量分别较行距30 cm处理显著增加18.04%和10.72%(P<0.05);(2)随着复合肥施用量的增加,饲用燕麦株高和干草产量及酸性洗涤不溶蛋白含量先升高后略有降低,粗蛋白质含量增加,非结构碳水化合物含量下降,其中施肥处理450 kg/hm^(2)较0 kg/hm^(2)干草产量显著提高了9.32%(P<0.05);(3)行距和施肥仅对整株燕麦中性洗涤不溶蛋白含量存在互作效应,以行距25 cm、复合肥施用量0 kg/hm^(2)的处理最低,其次是行距20 cm、复合肥施用量450 kg/hm^(2)。综合而言,在本试验播种量150 kg/hm^(2)的前提下,饲用燕麦在行距20 cm、复合肥(N-P-K为25:13:7)施用量450 kg/hm^(2)时可获得较高的干草产量和较好的饲草品质,其产量可达12.657 t/hm^(2)。

Row space and fertilization could impact the yield and quality of forage.In order to explore the optimal seeding row space and fertilization management model of forage oat,the experiment was conducted with a two-factor randomized block design,analyzed the yield and nutrient indices of forage oat under different row space(20,25,30 cm)and different compound fertilizer application levels(0,450,600 kg/hm^(2)).The results showed that with the increase of row space,hay yield of forage oat decreased,plant height increased first and then decreased,dry matter,starch,non-fiber carbohydrates and non-structural carbohydrate content decreased first and then increased slightly,in which the hay yield of 20 cm and 25 cm row space significantly increased by 18.04%,10.72%compared with 30 cm row space(P<0.05),respectively.With the increase of compound fertilizer application amount,the plant height,hay yield and acid washing insoluble protein content of forage oat increased first and then decreased slightly,the crude protein content increased,and the non-structural carbohydrate content decreased,in which the hay yield of 450 kg/hm^(2) treatment significantly increased by 9.32%compared with 0 kg/hm^(2) treatment(P<0.05).Row space and fertilization had interaction effects on the neutral washing insoluble protein content of forage oat,and the treatment with row space of 25 cm and compound fertilizer application amount of 0 kg/hm^(2) was the lowest,followed by the treatment with row space of 20 cm and compound fertilizer application amount of 450 kg/hm^(2).Comprehensively,in this experiment,under the premise of seeding quantity of 150 kg/hm^(2),forage oats could achieve higher hay yield and better forage quality at row space of 20 cm and compound fertilizer(N-P-K:25-13-7)application of 450 kg/hm^(2),which the yield could reach 12.657 t/hm^(2).