社会变迁视野下边疆地区的宾兴研究——以17-20世纪的广西为视域

Research on Binxing in Border Areas from the Perspective of Social Changes——Take Guangxi in the 17th and 20th Centuries as a Sight

宾兴作为一种时代产物淡出历史舞台虽已逾百年,但其消亡并不意味自身的荡然无存。从产生地区来看,长江以南大部分地区均有所分布;从发展历程来看,它顺应时代的进步与需要,从最初的礼仪逐渐演变为一种资助地方士子参加各级科举考试的公益性组织,在历史上发挥了重要作用。就广西而言,自清中后期以来,随着社会环境的剧烈变迁,广泛分布的宾兴在推动地方社会文化事业发展的同时,激发了地方士绅参与管理地方公共事务的热情,从而进一步拓宽了士绅参与地方公共事务的渠道。然而,伴随着1905年废科举、新式学校在全国的推行,宾兴失去了昔日的生存土壤,以各种不同的方式逐渐走向生命的尽头。这种命运的坎坷,不仅向我们生动地展示了近代以来社会组织的演变过程,也为我们认识多面相的历史提供了一个宝贵的载体。文章在论述广西宾兴兴衰发展历程的基础上,探讨其嬗变过程中体现出的国家与社会要素,进而分析其价值与当代意义,以此对当今社会治理提供启示。

Binxing,as a product of the era,has faded out of the historical stage for more than a century,but its demise does not mean that it has disappeared.From the point of view of the production area,most areas south of the Yangtze River have been distributed;from the development process,it conforms to the progress and needs of the times,and gradually evolved from the initial etiquette to a kind of public welfare that subsidized local scholars to participate in the imperial examinations at all levels nonprofit organizations have played an important role in history.As far as Guangxi is concerned,since the middle and late Qing Dynasty,with the drastic changes in the social environment,the widely distributed Binxing promoted the development of local social and cultural undertakings,and at the same time stimulated the enthusiasm of local gentry to participate in the management of local public affairs,thereby further expanding Channels for gentry to participate in local public affairs.However,with the abolition of the imperial examinations in 1905 and the introduction of new schools throughout the country,Binxing lost its former living soil and gradually came to the end of life in various ways.This ups and downs of fate not only show us vividly the evolution of social organizations in modern times,but also provide us with a valuable carrier for understanding the multifaceted history.On the basis of discussing the rise and fall of Guangxi Binxing's development process,this article discusses the country and social elements embodied in its evolution,and then analyzes its value and contemporary significance,so as to provide enlightenment for today's social governance.