烹饪方法对澳洲淡水龙虾脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量影响的研究

Study on Effects of Cooking Methods on Contents of Fatty Acids and Mineral Elements in the Muscles of Cherax quadricarinatus

为提高澳洲淡水龙虾的食用营养价值,以水煮、清蒸、爆炒后的澳洲淡水龙虾为原料,采用相关国家标准进行检测与分析虾肌肉的脂肪酸和矿物质元素含量.结果表明:水煮、清蒸、爆炒虾肉中检测出脂肪酸12种,其中饱和脂肪酸3种,单不饱和脂肪酸3种,多不饱和脂肪酸6种,∑SFA分为0.141 0%、0.176 9%、0.225 4%;∑MUFA分别为0.1591%、0.220 7%、0.276 4%;∑PUFA分别为0.196 1%、0.207 4%、0.343 6%;EPA含量分别为0.036 7%、0.037 3%、0.041 0%;DHA含量分别为0.012 1%、0.015 7%、0.016 0%.除了C16:0含量为水煮>清蒸>爆炒,其他各成分含量和3类脂肪酸含量由高到低的烹饪顺序均为爆炒>清蒸>水煮.检测了3种重要的矿物质元素Ca、Fe、Zn的含量,水煮虾肉中Fe和Zn含量高于清蒸和爆炒的,爆炒虾肉中Ca含量高于水煮和清蒸的.除Fe外,3种方法烹饪后的虾肉各营养成分含量差异显著(P<0.05).由此可见,在不同的烹饪方法中,爆炒能保留更多的脂肪酸,水煮可以保留更多的矿物质元素.本研究可为澳洲淡水龙虾的合理食用提供营养学依据.

In order to improve the nutritional value,the contents of fatty acids and minerals in the abdominal muscles of Cherax quadricarinatus were detected and analyzed by using the relevant national standards. The results showed that 12 kinds of fatty acids were detected in boiled,steamed and stir fried shrimp meat,including 3 kinds of saturated fatty acids,3 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids and 6 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them,∑ SFA was 0. 141 0%,0. 176 9% and0. 225 4%;∑MUFA was 0. 159 1%,0. 220 7% and 0. 276 4% respectively;∑PUFA was 0. 196 1%,0. 276 4%,0. 343 6%. The contents of EPA and DHA were 0. 036 7%,0. 037 3% and 0. 041 0% respectively,and the contents of DHA were 0. 0121%,0. 015 7% and 0. 016 0% respectively. The cooking order of three kinds of fatty acids from high to low was stir frying > steaming > boiling. Three important mineral elements Ca,Fe and Zn were detected. The results showed that the content of Fe in boiled prawn was higher than that in steamed prawn and fried prawn. The content of Ca in fried prawn was higher than that in boiled prawn and steamed prawn. The content of Zn in boiled prawn was higher than that in steamed prawn and fried prawn. In different cooking methods,frying can retain more fatty acids,while boiling can retain more mineral elements. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the rational consumption of Cherax quadricarinatus.