基于资源和地质环境特征的河东煤田煤炭绿色开采战略研究

Research on green coal mining strategy in Hedong Coalfield based on resource and geological environment characteristic

河东煤田位于黄河中游吕梁山西麓的晋西黄土高原地区,是我国重要的炼焦煤产地,也是水土流失和生态脆弱区、地质灾害频发区、岩溶大泉分布区。通过对河东煤田资源和地质环境特征的分析,发现河东煤田中部离柳矿区稀缺炼焦煤保有资源量占比河东煤田稀缺炼焦煤总量的70.8%,但开发强度高于煤田平均值,应从战略上重视离柳矿区的稀缺炼焦煤资源,进行保护性与节约式开采;河东煤田薄煤层占煤田煤层总厚的17.0%,离柳和石隰矿区薄煤层占其煤层总厚的近25.0%,应重视河东煤田薄煤层的开发,尤其是中部离柳矿区和石隰矿区的薄层炼焦煤资源,提高煤炭资源采收率;河东煤田地区采煤时,可充分利用当地的黄土资源与煤炭开采产生的煤矸石等材料大力发展充填开采,以减少地表的黄土滑坡与崩塌地质灾害与水土流失;河东煤田下伏奥陶系峰峰组上部地层具有一定的隔水性,充分评价和利用峰峰组上部地层的富水性和隔水性能,可大幅提高煤炭采收率的同时最大限度地减少采煤引发的地下岩溶水资源破坏,保护岩溶大泉。河东煤田是黄河中游重要的能源基地和黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略的主战场。煤炭绿色开采技术能够实现河东煤田煤炭开发利用最优化和生态环境影响最小化,未来发展前景及应用价值巨大,需要多专业多学科共同参与。

Hedong Coalfield is located in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi province at the western foot of the Lvliang Mountains in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.It is an important coking coal producing area,with severe soil erosion,fragile ecological environment,frequent occurrence of geological disasters and karst spring distribution in China.Through the analysis of resource and geological environment characteristics of Hedong Coalfield,it is found that the scarce coking coal reserves in Liliu mining area in the middle of the coalfield account for 70.8%of the total reserves.But its development intensity is higher than the average value of the coalfield.We should strategically pay attention to the scarce coking coal resources in Liliu mining area,and carry out protective and economical mining approach.The thin coal seams in Hedong Coalfield make up 17.0%of the total coal seam thickness,and those in Liliu and Shixi mining areas make up nearly 25.0%of the total thickness in the mining area.The development of thin coal seams in Hedong Coalfield,especially the thin coking coal in the central part of Liliu and Shishi Mining Areas,should be emphasized to improve the coal recovery rate.It is possible to make full use of local loess resources,gangue and other materials from coal mining to develop filling mining,reducing the geological disasters of surface loess landslides and collapses on the surface,and soil erosion.The upper stratum of the Ordovician Fengfeng Formation beneath the Hedong Coalfield has a certain degree of water resistance.Fully evaluating and utilizing its water-rich and water-resistant properties can greatly increase the coal recovery rate,at the same time,minimize the damage to the underground karst water caused by coal mining,so as to protect the karst springs.Hedong Coalfield is an important energy base in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the main battlefield of a major national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.Green mining technology is favorable to the optimization of coal development and utilization,and minimization of ecological and environmental impacts.Therefore,it has great prospects for future development and application,and requires the joint participation of multiple disciplines.