稀土永磁材料及其耦合磁体的化学合成与性能优化

Chemical Synthesis and Property Optimization of Rare-Earth Permanent Materials and Their Exchange-Coupled Magnets

稀土永磁材料是当今人类社会不可缺少的组成部分,自20世纪60年代问世以来一直在生产和生活中扮演着重要的角色。随着科技的进步和生活水平的提升,人们对工业产品及功能器件等提出了更高的期望,因此对稀土永磁材料的性能也有了更高的要求,包括能量密度、高温性能等。近年来,化学法成为合成稀土永磁材料常见的方法,通过"自下而上"的过程实现对产物形貌、尺寸等方面的精确调控,为制备高性能磁体提供了新的思路。化学合成对产物尺寸的控制在交换耦合磁体方面也有着独特的优势,可以通过精确控制双相耦合磁体中软磁相的尺寸以充分实现交换耦合效应,在提升磁体能量密度方面有着广阔的前景。从化学合成出发,介绍了近年来不同稀土永磁材料制备方面的工作,同时也总结了稀土永磁基耦合磁体在化学制备方面的进展和挑战,对未来化学合成稀土永磁材料的发展做出了分析和展望。

Rare-earth permanent magnetic materials are indispensable in human society. Ever since they came into being in the 1960 s, they have played an important role in the production and daily life. With the development of technology and improvement of living standards, there is a demand for industrial products and functional devices with better performance, which has put forward requirements for rare-earth permanent materials with superior properties, such as the higher maximum energy product and better high-temperature magnetic properties. In recent years, chemical methods have become a common method for the synthesis of rare-earth permanent magnetic materials, which could achieve the accurate control of morphology, size, and so on, by the bottom-up method, providing a new way for high-performance magnets. The control of the particle size of the chemical method also has unique advantages in exchange-coupled magnets. The precise control of the size of the soft magnetic component in exchange-coupled magnets could fully realize the exchange-coupling interactions, which has broad prospects in improving the maximum energy product. Based on the chemical synthesis, the synthesis of rare-earth permanent magnets in recent years was introduced and progress and challenges in the chemical synthesis of exchange-coupled rare-earth permanent magnetic materials were summarized. And the perspective of rare-earth permanent magnetic materials also was given.