垂直专业化分工视角下中国出口欧盟竞争力的重新评估

Re-estimation of the Competitiveness of China’s Export to EU:Based on the Perspective of Vertical Specialization

欧盟作为中国最大贸易伙伴,精准度量中国出口欧盟市场国际竞争力尤为必要。本文采用2000~2014年WIOD世界投入产出数据库前向增加值分解方法,嵌入传统的显示性比较优势测算方法中,基于垂直专业化分工视角对中国制造业与服务业出口欧盟竞争力进行再评估。研究结果表明:中国制造业竞争优势被“高估”,劳动密集型制造业短期仍然具有竞争优势但将逐渐减弱,服务业总体处于竞争劣势,但交通运输、金融业、电水气供应、电信等呈现中间投入特征的生产性服务业竞争力则一定程度被低估。

It is particularly necessary to accurately measure the international competitiveness of China’s export to EU.In this paper,the forward value added decomposition of the WIOD from 2000 to 2014 is adopted to embed the traditional method to re-evaluate the export competitiveness of China’s manufacturing and service industries to EU.The research results show that the Chinese capital and technology intensity manufacturing’s competitive advantage is overvalued,but will be competitive disadvantage in the long run.Labor-intensive short-term has a competitive advantage but it is weakening.Almost all services have no international competitiveness,but transportation,finance,supply of electricity,heat and gas,telecommunications with characteristics of intermediate input of producer services are underestimated to a certain extent.