新发展格局下我国外商投资安全审查制度的进步、局限与完善

Evaluation of China’s Foreign Investment Security Review System under the New Development Pattern:Progress,Limitations and Improvement

“双循环”新发展格局的构建要求我国进一步增强外商投资安全审查制度的规范性、精准性和透明度,提高统筹发展和安全能力及风险防控能力。《外商投资安全审查办法》是目前我国外商投资安全审查制度发展的最新成果,设置了常态化、固定化的安全审查机构,扩大了安全审查范围,细化了附条件通过审查的程序,并增加了审查决定的监督执行和违规处理程序,积极回应了新发展格局对其提出的制度供给要求。但《外商投资安全审查办法》在安全审查考量因素条款的设置、安全审查救济渠道及监督机制、防范化解风险的临时安全审查安排等方面仍存在局限或不足。将来我国外商投资安全审查机制应设置全面的安全审查考量因素条款,构建审查机构权力监督制度,并补充防范化解风险的安全审查临时措施,为我国开展更高水平对外开放保驾护航。

The new development pattern puts forward higher requirements for the standardization,precision and transparency of China’s foreign investment review system,the ability to coordinate development and security,and the ability to prevent and control risk.Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment(the Measures)is the latest achievement of the foreign investment review system in China which effectively respond to the requirements above.First,a working mechanism for the security review of foreign investment is established to organize,coordinate and guide the security review.Second,foreign investment is allowed subject to additional conditions that can eliminate the impact of the proposed investment on national security.Third,there is potentially a broad scope in terms of sectors that are subject to the Measures.Last but not the least,parties may face disciplinary action when violating obligations under the Measures.However,there are still some limitations or deficiencies in the setting of safety review considerations,relief channels and supervision mechanism,and temporary arrangements to deal with emergencies.The next stage of China’s foreign investment legislation reform needs to clear up some ambiguities involving safety review considerations,to establish review authority oversight mechanism and to build an effective temporary safety review measures to prevent and resolve risks,which will escort China to open up at a higher level to the outside world.