织女星火箭固体发动机研制故障综述

Summary of failures in the development of solidrocket motor for Vega launch vehicle

织女星(Vega)运载火箭是迄今为止欧洲现役最大的固体动力运载火箭。在其三级固体发动机研发过程中贯穿通用化、模块化的设计理念,并采用了大量新技术和新工艺,在提升火箭性能的同时有效降低了火箭的研制成本。基于验证成熟的固体发动机技术,欧空局启动研发织女星C(Vega C)、织女星E(Vega E)、织女星C轻型(Vega C Light)等一系列固体运载火箭,满足多种载荷范围的发射需求,大大提高了欧洲对小型有效载荷的发射灵活性和响应能力。该文总结了欧洲织女星运载火箭固体发动机的主要性能,重点梳理分析了三级固体火箭发动机(P80、Zefiro 23、Zefiro 9)在研制过程中曾遇到过的技术问题,包括发动机压力振荡、熔渣、喷管过度侵蚀、柔性接头问题、机电作动器电流过度消耗问题等,研究了这些故障的产生根源、相应的解决措施以及开展的相关研究,旨在对国内固体运载火箭发动机技术研究提供参考和借鉴。

The Vega launch vehicle is by far the largest solid launch vehicle in service in Europe.In the development process of its three-stage solid engine,it runs through the universal and modular design concept,and adopts a large number of new technologies and new processes,which effectively reduces the cost of rocket development while improving the performance of the rocket.Based on the proven solid engine technology,ESA began the development of a series of solid launch vehicles such as Vega C,Vega E,and Vega C Light to meet the launch requirements of a variety of payloads,greatly improving Europe's launch flexibility and response capabilities for small payloads.In this paper,the technical problems encountered in the development of three-stage solid rocket motors(P80,Zefiro 23,Zefiro 9)of European Vega launch vehicle were analyzed,including pressure oscillation of motor,slag,excessive erosion of nozzle,flexible joint problem,excessive current consumption of electromechanical actuator,and etc.The root causes of these faults,corresponding solutions and related research were mainly studied,aiming to provide reference for the technical development of solid rocket motor in China.