新疆吐鲁番地区不同品种甜瓜营养成分分析及品质综合评价

Analysis of Nutritional Components and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Different Varieties of Muskmelon in Turpan,Xinjiang

以新疆吐鲁番地区种植的8个甜瓜品种(纳斯蜜、花玫、风味5号、风味8号、西州密17号、西州密25号、比谢克辛、俊秀)的成熟果实为试材,通过测定主要的营养品质指标及功能活性指标,对甜瓜果实品质进行比较及综合评价。结果表明,8个不同品种甜瓜果实品质之间有较为明显的差异,纳斯蜜的维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白质、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖的含量较高;花玫的果肉较硬,且厚度宽、果形指数高;风味系列的两种甜瓜类黄酮含量高、DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率较其他甜瓜大;俊秀的单果重最高,维生素C含量最低;其他品种甜瓜的含量处于平均水平。主成分分析结果表明,可将评价甜瓜果实品质的指标用4个因子表示,可溶性固形物、维生素C、总酚、ABTS自由基清除率、柠檬酸、葡萄糖、果糖、葡萄糖和果形指数的含量可作为其营养价值评价的重要指标;通过聚类分析,将8个不同品种的甜瓜分为4大类,第1类为‘风味8号’和‘风味5号’,具有酸甜风味;第2类为‘西州密17号’、‘西州密25号’、‘比谢克辛’和‘纳斯蜜’,具有较高的营养价值;第3类为‘花玫’,果形指数最好;第4类为‘俊秀’,单果重与其他品种比较具有明显优势。综合评价显示‘纳斯蜜’果实品质最优,‘西州密25号’、‘花玫’、‘风味5号’和‘比谢克辛’较优,其余品种品质较差。

The mature fruits of 8 melon varieties grown in Turpan,Xinjiang(Nasmi,Huamei,Weifang No.5,Weifang No.8,Xizhou Mi No.17,Xizhou Mi No.25,BixieKexin and Junxiu)were used as test materials.By measuring the main nutritional quality indicators and functional activity indicators,the quality of melon fruit was compared and comprehensively evaluated.The results showed that there were obvious differences in the fruit quality of the 8 different varieties of melons.Nasmi had higher content of vitamin C,soluble solids,soluble protein,sucrose,fructose,and glucose;the flesh of Huamei is hard,and wide thickness and high fruit shape index;the two melons of the flavor series had high flavonoid content,DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging rate than other melons;Junxiu had the highest single fruit weight and the lowest vitamin C content;other varieties of melons had the average content.Principal component analysis showed that the quality of melon fruit could be evaluated by four factors.The content of soluble solids,vitamin C,total phenols,ABTS free radical scavenging rate,citric acid,glucose,fructose,glucose and fruit shape index could be used as An important index for the evaluation of its nutritional value;through cluster analysis,8 different varieties of melons are divided into 4 categories,the first category was‘Flavor 8’and‘Flavor 5’,which had a sweet and sour flavor;the second category was‘Xizhou Mi No.17’,‘Xizhou Mi No.25’,‘BixieKexin’and‘Nasmi’,which had high nutritional value;the third category was‘Huamei’,with the best fruit shape index;The fourth category was‘Junxiu’,and its weight per fruit had obvious advantages compared with other varieties.The comprehensive evaluation showed that‘Nasimmi’had the best fruit quality,‘Xizhou Mi 25’,‘Hua Mei’,‘Flavour No.5’and‘BixieKexin’were better,and the other varieties were of poor quality.