杜诗《太岁日》题名考

On the Naming of “The Day of the Greater Year”

战国秦汉时期的占星家以天体运行观测为基础,构建了用岁星、太岁记录年序的方式。随着干支纪年法的行用,太岁不再与纪年相关,其推算方法也由"岁术"逐步简化为与元日重合,进而与年干支一致。但唐代太岁日的文化内涵仍延续汉代以来所形成的吉凶祸福观。杜甫《太岁日》诗就是这一文化现象的具体反映,他一方面沿用《汉书·律历志》"岁术"推算太岁日,另一方面将汉代太岁的禁忌原则融入到诗作之中,表达了人力无以纾解的忧愤之情。同时《太岁日》的写作时间要从大历三年提前到大历二年,这样诗题与内容更为契合。

Astrologers of the Warring States period of Qin and Han dynasties constructed the way of recording years from observations of the orbit of Jupiter,dividing the celestial circle into 12 sections, and rounded it to 12 years. As the idea of sexagenary cycle emerges,the relationship between celestial circle and division of years is largely reduced.But it still serves as a cultural inheritance of the idea about luck and disasters since the Han dynasty,to which Du Fu’s "The Day of the Greater Year" is an example. Du on one hand adopts the same way written in related chapters of Book of Han to predict the"Greater day", and integrates cultural tattoos of previous years into his poems on the other,showing an unrelieved anxiety and resentment of falling to escape from suffering. In the meantime,the writing time of "The Day of the Greater Year"should be revised as the second year of the Dali era according to the name of the poem.