长斋、酒、禅及其他——杜甫《饮中八仙歌》之“逃禅”琐证

Vegetarian,Liquor,Zen and Others——on “Tao Chan” in Du Fu’s “Song of Eight Drinking Immortals”

《饮中八仙歌》之"逃禅",历来有逃入禅与逃出禅之争议。现代学者多从逃出说,而持逃入说者较少。诸家在证明其说或驳论他说时,对长斋与酒之复杂关系未作深究,而这恰是问题的关键所在。因诗中未明言苏晋长斋与"醉"是否为同时之行为,故欲辨逃入禅或逃出禅之是非,须从长斋和醉同时与非同时两种情形加以辨析。文章立足长斋与酒及戒之关系,可知长斋与"醉"无论是否同时之行为,逃入禅之说可信,而逃出禅之说不可信。

There has always been two opposite explanations of "Tao Chan"——Su Jin’s attitude towards Zen in "Song of Eight Drinking Immortals": a Zen adherent and a Zen proponent. Being firm-believers of the first idea,many modern scholars defense themselves without deep research on the complex relationship between being a vegetarian and drinking.But this is exactly the point. It is necessary to understand "Tao Chan" from the term of whether being a vegetarian and drinking happen simultaneously,for we cannot tell from the poem itself. This article discusses the link among being a vegetarian, drinking and Buddhist ordination,based on which the conclusion is drew as "Tao Chan" means "Zen adherents" rather than "Zen proponents" no matter what.