岩体内应力波传播的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Stress Wave Propagation Through Rock Mass

岩体动态力学行为和应力波传播特性是岩体工程动态稳定性分析的关键科学问题之一.天然岩体内广泛存在着从细观缺陷到宏观节理等不同尺度的不连续结构面,影响应力波的传播,导致应力波能量的衰减.岩体内的细观缺陷和宏观节理对应力波传播的影响具有不同的作用机理,充分认识不同尺度的不连续面对应力波传播规律的影响对岩体工程动态稳定性分析具有重要意义.首先,分析了应力波在细观缺陷岩体内的衰减机制,详细介绍了研究细观缺陷岩体内应力波传播的波散射方法、等效弹性模量方法、等效黏弹性连续介质方法,对比总结了这些方法的适用性及优缺点.其次,分析了应力波在宏观节理岩体内的透、反射机制,系统介绍了研究宏观节理岩体内应力波传播的位移不连续方法和等效连续介质方法,重点概述了这2种方法的优缺点.再次,总结了双尺度不连续结构面岩体内应力波传播的分析方法,在同一框架内分析了双尺度不连续结构面岩体内应力波的传播规律,阐明了细观缺陷和宏观节理对应力波传播规律的不同作用机理.最后,结合深部岩体工程、极地岩体工程等国家重大项目,展望了应力波分析方法在极端环境下岩体工程稳定性分析中的应用.

The study of rock mass dynamic mechanical behavior and the properties of stress wave propagation has become one of the key scientific issues.However,discontinuities of various scales ranging from micro-defects to macro-joints widely exist in natural rock mass,which affect the propagation of stress waves and lead to the attenuation of stress wave energy.The effects of micro-defects and macro-joints in rock mass on stress wave propagation are different in mechanism,fully understanding of the stress wave propagation in different scale discontinuities is of great significance to the development of rock mass engineering.First,the attenuation mechanism of stress wave propagation through micro-defected rock mass was analyzed,the wave scattering method,equivalent elastic modulus method and equivalent viscoelastic continuous medium method of stress wave propagation in micro-defected rock mass were described in detail,and the applicability,advantages and disadvantages of the methods were compared.Second,the transmission and reflection mechanism of stress wave propagation across macro-jointed rock mass was further analyzed,the displacement discontinuity method and equivalent continuum method were systematically introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were emphatically summarized.Subsequently,the calculation methods of stress wave propagation through rock mass with double-scale discontinuities were summarized.The stress wave propagation through rock mass with double-scale discontinuities can be analyzed in the same frame,and different mechanism of micro-defect and macro-joint on stress wave propagation can be revealed by the methods.Finally,combined major national projects such as deep and polar rock mass engineering,the application of stress wave propagation method in the stability analysis of rock mass engineering under extreme environments was prospected.