国家级民俗类非物质文化遗产空间分布特征及影响因素研究

Research on spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of national folk intangible cultural heritage

基于空间地理学视角,利用ArcGIS 10.2软件,借助地理集中指数、不均衡指数、核密度、莫兰指数、最邻近指数、地理探测器等方法指标,对全国4批次共245项国家级民俗类非物质文化遗产空间分布特征以及空间分异成因进行梳理和分析.结果表明,全国民俗类非遗项目在空间分布上整体为凝聚型,呈聚集分布态势,不均衡性较强,主要集中在桂黔滇、晋浙青等地区;从类别上看,全国民俗类非遗项目结构与数量差异显著,主要以岁时节令和文化空间类为主;从省域上看,形成了2个高密度聚集区、3个次密度聚集区以及若干小聚集区,2个高核区分别为京津冀和桂贵渝地区;从批次上看,民俗类非遗项目在时序空间分布上差异化特征明显;从整体上看,民俗类非遗项目分布具有显著的空间自相关性;民俗类非遗空间分异是自然环境和社会环境综合影响的结果,山地和丘陵等特殊地形地貌相比平原更易形成独特的地域文化和民俗传统.

Based on the spatial geography perspective,using ArcGIS 10.2 software,with the help of geographic concentration index,unevenness index,kernel density,Moran index,adjacent index,and geographical detector method,the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial differentiation for the 4 batches of 245 state-level intangible folk cultural heritage were combed and analyzed.The results showed that the national folk intangible cultural heritage projects in the spatial distribution have overall the cohesion and aggregation distribution situation.The imbalance is strong,which mainly concentrated in Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan,Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces and other regions.From the perspective of categories,there are significant differences in the structure and number of national intangible cultural heritage projects in folk customs,mainly in the seasonal and cultural space categories.From the provincial area,it forms two high-density aggregation areas,three sub-density aggregation areas and a number of small aggregation areas.The two high core distinctions are the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Gui-Gui-Yu region.From the batch,the folk category of intangible cultural heritage projects in the temporal spatial distribution of the difference characteristics is obvious.On the whole,the distribution of folk intangible cultural heritage items has significant spatial autocorrelation.Folk heritage spatial differentiation is the result of the comprehensive impact of the natural environment and social environment,mountains,hills and other special topography are easier to form a unique regional culture and folk traditions.