河南省2012—2019年农村营养改善计划地区6~16岁学生营养状况

Nutritional status of students aged 6-16 years of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2019

目的了解河南省农村营养改善计划实施地区学生营养状况变化趋势,为制定营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,从河南省营养改善计划试点县区的学校中各抽取20%~30%的小学和初中,对抽取学生进行营养状况监测,并对2012—2019年的监测结果进行分析。结果 2012—2019年(2018年未监测)学生轻度消瘦检出率分别为4.0%,3.3%,3.3%,3.6%,3.1%,2.9%,4.4%,中重度消瘦检出率分别为4.5%,4.5%,4.4%,4.6%,3.9%,3.6%,5.1%,超重检出率分别为9.6%,12.4%,12.3%,12.2%,12.7%,13.4%,11.1%,肥胖检出率分别为3.9%,6.8%,6.7%,6.2%,7.6%,7.2%,5.8%,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为1 032.29,4 771.39,P值均<0.05);男、女生均在2019年轻度(5.0%,3.7%)和中重度消瘦(5.9%,4.3%)检出率最高,小学生、初中生均在2019年轻度(4.1%,6.0%)和中重度消瘦(5.1%,4.9%)检出率最高,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为653.22,486.46,919.07,306.27,P值均<0.05);男、女生均在2017年超重检出率最高(14.8%,11.8%)、2016年肥胖检出率最高(8.3%,6.9%),小学生超重和肥胖检出率分别于2017年、2016年(13.7%,8.4%)最高,中学生超重、肥胖检出率均在2017年最高(11.5%,3.0%),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为2 391.65,2 371.74,4 827.75,512.64,P值均<0.05)。结论河南省营养改善计划实施前期学生营养不良状况有所改善,但目前营养不良状况有上升趋势,并存在营养不良与超重肥胖并存现象,需采取针对性营养干预措施。

Objective To understand the changes of students’ nutritional status in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NNIPRCES) of Henan Province, and to provide scientific basis for designating scientific nutritional intervention measures. Methods About 20%-30% of primary schools and middle schools in the pilot counties in Henan Province were selected to monitor the nutritional status of students. Surveillance data from 2012 to 2019 were analyzed. Results From 2012 to 2019(no surveillance data were available in 2018), the detection rates of mild thinness were 4.0%, 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.6%, 3.1%, 2.9%, 4.4%, respectively;the detection rates of moderate and severe thinness were 4.5%, 4.5%, 4.4%, 4.6%, 3.9%, 3.6%, 5.1%, respectively;the detection rates of overweight were 9.6%, 12.4%, 12.3%, 12.2%, 12.7%, 13.4%, 11.1%, respectively;and the detection rates of obesity were 3.9%, 6.8%, 6.7%, 6.2%, 7.6%, 7.2%, 5.8%, respectively. The differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=1 032.29, 4 771.39, P<0.05). The detection rates of 2019 mild(5.0%, 3.7%) and moderate to severe thinness(5.9%, 4.3%) were the highest for both male and female students, and the highest for primary school students and junior middle school students were the highest for 2019 mild(4.1%, 6.0%) and moderate to severe thinness(5.1%, 4.9%), with statistical significance(χ^(2)=653.22, 486.46, 919.07, 306.27, P<0.05). The detection rate of overweight was the highest in both males and females(14.8%, 11.8%) in 2017, and the detection rate of obesity was the highest in 2016(8.3%, 6.9%). The detection rates of overweight and obesity in primary school students were the highest in 2017 and 2016(13.7%, 8.4%), and the detection rates in middle school students were the highest in 2017(11.5%, 3.0%), with statistical significance(χ^(2)=2 391.65, 2 371.74, 4 827.75, 512.64, P<0.05). Conclusion In the early stage of the implementation of NNIPRCES in Henan Province, malnutrition among students has improved, however, the contem porary malnutrition shows increasing trend, and the co-occurrence of malnutrition and obesity calls for targeted nutritional intervention measures.