乡规民约与政策法规的耦合对现代森林治理的影响

The Influence of the Coupling Between Indigenous Rules and Government Policies on Modern Forest Governance

为探索乡规民约与政策法规间的关系及其对现代森林治理的影响,将二者关系分为"非耦合""一般耦合""积极耦合"三种状态。"非耦合"状态下,乡规民约的功能几乎无法发挥,森林生态与居民生计都受不同程度损失;"一般耦合"状态下,乡规民约的森林生态保护优于"非耦合"状态但仍有不足;"积极耦合"状态下,乡规民约与政策法规各自的特性能达到一种良性平衡,双方各自渗透又互相制约,既能满足治理主体多元化发展、林权集中的需求,又能有效防止某一种制度失控,更易于达到现代森林治理强调的生态与生计并重效果。

To find the influence from the relationship between indigenous rules and government policies and legislation on modern forest governance,this research has categorized the relationship into"uncoupling","general coupling",and"active coupling".Results show that under"uncoupling"status,indigenous rules can hardly be functioned,both forest ecology and livelihood have been suffered to some extent.Under"general coupling"status,indigenous rules have better performance than"uncoupling"status,especially in terms of the forest ecology protection.However,it still shows some drawbacks.Under"active coupling"status,indigenous rules and government policies and legislation can find benign balance.Under this status,both sides can permeate and support each other.They may satisfy the needs of ruler diversification and forest property rights centralization,and at the same time,prevent the situation of institutional out of control.Therefore,indigenous rules that under"active coupling"status can be much easier to achieve the purposes of modern forest governance.