许衡与元蒙古贵族士人化进程

Xu Heng and the Process of Yuan and Mongolian Nobles of Becoming Scholar

元民族的融合体现为文化的融合。这是一个双向认同的过程:一方面,蒙古贵族通过色目人、由金入元文人耶律楚材、许衡等接受中原文化。特别是许衡,明确提出施行汉法的治国方略;主持并制定了元代的朝仪典章制度;开办国学,传授经术;开创伴读制度,保证国学成果得以延续等等,蒙古贵族由崇武逐渐转变为崇文。另一方面,入元文人对蒙古政权往往在接受与犹疑中摇摆,尤其许衡,“君召辄往,进辄思退”,“终无枉尺直寻之意”,进退维谷的矛盾心理在他的诗文作品中有所表现。

The fusion of Yuan’s ethnic group is embodied in the fusion of culture.This is a process of two-way identification:on the one hand,Mongolian nobles accepted the Central Plains culture through Semu people,YelüChucai,Xu Heng and other literati from Jin to Yuan Dynasty.In particular,Xu Heng clearly put forward the general plan of governing the country by implementing the Han law;presided over and formulated the system of imperial ceremony and regulations of the Yuan Dynasty;set up traditional Chinese studies to teach classics;createdthe system of accompanying reading to ensure the continuation of the achievements of Chinese traditional culture,and so on.On the other hand,the scholars who entered the Yuan Dynasty often wavered in acceptance and hesitation towards the Mongolian regime,especially Xu Heng,who said,“Go when the monarch calls,and on the way back think about your shortcomings”and“there is no intention of making only small concession,but gain quite considerably”.The ambivalence of the dilemma is reflected in his poetry and prose works.