市场化测度及其对林业经济增长的影响分析:以中国南方集体林区为例

Analysis of Forestry Marketization Measurement and Impacts on Forestry Economic Growth:Evidence from Collective Forest Areas in Southern China

作为集体林权制度改革的先行试点和资源优势分布区,南方集体林区是林业市场化的典型区域,也是林业经济最为活跃的区域,林业市场化的深化对于林业经济的快速发展起到举足轻重的作用。构建林业市场化分析框架,利用2000—2018年《中国林业统计年鉴》和《中国农村统计年鉴》的林业产值、林业投资、林产品贸易等相关数据,从林业要素市场化、生产市场化和产品市场化3个维度对林业市场化进行测度,并通过格兰杰检验及面板回归论证中国南方集体林区林业市场化与林业经济增长的关系。同时,采用地理位置工具变量解决内生性问题并进行验证。结果表明:南方集体林区林业市场化指数从2000年的4.29增至2018年的6.41,林业市场化特征明显;林业市场化是推动中国林业经济增长的重要动力之一,林业市场化与林权改革协同作用更为显著;林业要素市场化、生产市场化及产品市场化均协同推进,其中林业产品市场化推动作用最为突出。因此,未来南方集体林区林业经济增长仍需林业市场化的推动,虽然近二十年来其市场化不断深化,走在全国林业市场化进程前列,但仍有推进的空间。

As the pilot of collective forest right system reform and rescource advantage distribution area,the southern collective forest area is a typical forestry economy.Forestry marketization plays an important role in the rapid development of forestry economy.Based on the analysis framework of forestry marketization,data relevant to this topic from“China Forestry Statistical Yearbook”and“China Rural Statistical Yearbook”(2000 to 2018)were used to measure forestry marketization from three dimensions:marketization of forestry el⁃ements,production and products.The paper also analyzed the relationship between forestry marketization and growth of forestry economy in Southern China by Granger test and multiple regression.The results show that the overall index of forestry marketization in southern China increased from 4.29 in 2000 to 6.41 in 2018,and the characteristics of forestry marketization are obvious.The forestry marketization is one of the important diver to promote China’s forestry economic growth,while the synergy between forestry marketization and forest property right reform is more significant.Meanwhile,the marketization of forestry prodution factors,production and prod⁃ucts are promoted in coordination,among which the forestry products marketization is the most prominent.There⁃fore,forestry economic growth needs the promotion of forestry marketization in the future in southern China.Al⁃though the marketization has been deepening in the past nearly 20 years,there is still room for improvement.