学前隔代抚养对农村儿童学业表现的长期影响--对家庭早教作用机制和教育能力调节效应的审视

Long-term Effect of Preschool Intergenerational Rearing on Rural Children’s Academic Performance:Mechanism of Family Early Education and Adjustment Effect of Educational Ability

基于黑龙江、河南、浙江、四川四省小学儿童问卷调查数据,探析学龄前这一农村儿童人力资本形成重要时期的隔代抚养经历对入学后学业表现的长期影响,考察学前家庭教育在“隔代抚养-学业表现”影响路径中的作用机制及隔代抚养人教育能力的调节效应。结果表明:隔代抚养对儿童学业表现的长期影响因隔代抚养人教育能力而异;隔代抚养人教育能力较差时,会对儿童入学后学业表现产生不利影响;随着祖辈教育能力提高,隔代抚养通过增加家庭早教频率对儿童入学后学业表现产生积极影响。随着全面三孩政策放开,隔代抚养现象可能进一步增多,建议加强对隔代抚养人的教育引导,普及学前家庭教育相关知识,提升隔代抚养教育质量。

Based on the survey data of primary school children in Heilongjiang,Henan,Zhejiang and Si⁃chuan Provinces,this paper explored the long-term impact of preschool intergenerational rearing on rural chil⁃dren’s school performance and its internal mechanism.Meanwhile,we also discussed the moderating effect of grandparents’educational ability.The results show that the long-term effect of intergenerational rearing on chil⁃dren’s academic performance vary with grandparents’educational ability.When grandparents’educational ability is poor,intergenerational rearing will have a negative impact on children’s academic performance.How⁃ever,with the improvement of the grandparents’educational ability,the intergenerational rearing will have a positive impact on the academic performance by increasing the frequency of early family education.With the implementation of the“universal three-child”policy,intergenerational rearing may further expand.It is sug⁃gested that the education and guidance of grandparents be strengthened,relevant knowledge of preschool fami⁃ly education be popularized,and the education quality of intergenerational rearing be improved.