基于巴渝民宿的乡村营造研究

A Study of Rural Construction Based on Bayu Homestay

为探究基于巴渝民宿业态发展的乡村营造过程及机理,在实地调研总结巴渝民宿建设发展模式的基础上提出优化路径.研究发现:①巴渝民宿探索了“以房联营、以地入股、共建共享”的民宿发展模式,理顺资金、用地来源、利益分配及民宿产权等是其关键问题;②巴渝民宿发展通过乡村内外要素“输入、新增、留存、整合”等方式,活化乡村资源要素、增添乡村发展活力,推动乡村空间营造进程;③在乡村空间营造过程中,房屋外观得以加固和修缮,内部设施由落后向现代转变,空间功能由混杂模糊转向独立清晰,乡村生活空间逐渐品质化;耕地经流转整合由零散变集聚,畜牧养殖空间逐渐收缩至消失,旅游服务空间配套化开发建设,生产空间集约化;聚落生态空间经规划布局逐步规整有序,生态空间景观化;乡村生产-生活空间交互融合、生产-生态空间兼容转化、生活-生态空间相互交织,复合空间多样化;④巴渝民宿的建设发展在乡村空间重塑、业态发展、乡风文明传承等方面取得了积极成效,但同时还存在对本土文化挖掘深度不够、后续发展资金不足、规划的有效指导缺乏等问题.未来应充分考虑各主体空间需求,统筹村庄国土空间规划与民宿发展规划,提升乡村文化的可视性、多元性与参与性,拓宽融资渠道,促进乡村营造提质增效.

Bayu Homestay is a rural bed-and-breakfast project invested and run by Chongqing Bayu Homestay company.The purpose of this project is to find a new way for rural development in remote mountainous areas.By conducting a fieldwork in Bayu Homestay,this paper explores the process and mechanism of rural construction,and try to figure out how to optimize itbased on the analysis of the existing problems.The results areas follows.(1)Bayu Homestayhas coined a development mode called“joint venture with housing,land shares and joint construction and sharing”,and clarified that the key problems are fund,source of land use,profit distribution and property right of home stay.(2)By means of“inputting,adding,retaining and integrating”within and without the villages,Bayu Homestay has realized great development,enriched the rural construction methods and activated rural resources elements,thus promoting the construction of rural space by adding the vitality of rural development.(3)In the process of rural space construction,the appearance of the house structure is strengthened and repaired,and the internal facilities are changed from backward to modern,and the spatial function is changed from mixed and fuzzy to independent and clear,the rural living space is gradually qualitative;the arable land changes from scattered to centralized through land transfer,and the space for animal husbandry gradually shrinks and even disappears,and tourism service space is constantly being built and matched,and the production space become intensive;the ecological space in rural settlements is gradually orderly by planning;the interaction of rural production and living space,the compatible transformation of production-ecological space,the interwoven of living-ecological space and the compound space become diverse.(4)The construction and development of Bayu Homestay has achieved success in rural space reconstruction,business development,rural culture inheritance,etc.,but there are also some problems such as insufficient excavation of local culture,insufficient financing sources for follow-up development and lack of effective guidance for planning.In the future,the governments should fully consider the spatial needs of each participants,coordinate the rural spatial planning and residential development plan,improve the display,diversity and participation of rural culture,and broaden financing channels to better promote rural construction efficiency.