乡村振兴视角下乡村民宿发展对农户生计资本变化的影响研究

Impact of the Development of Rural Bed-and-Breakfast Business on the Changes of FarmersLivelihood Capital: A Perspective of Rural Revitalization

2020年是中国脱贫攻坚的收官之年,也是全面实施乡村振兴战略的开局之年.实现农户生计可持续性发展是乡村“产业兴旺”的体现,更是“生活富裕”的保障.在边远落后的山地丘陵区,民宿产业作为乡村发展新业态,是农户可持续性生计发展的重要产业模式.本文结合农户可持续性生计分析框架,构建基于乡村民宿的农户生计资本评价指标体系,对重庆市6个典型民宿村在发展乡村民宿前后的农户生计资本变化及其影响因素进行对比分析.研究发现:①农户的生计资本明显增加,但总量不高,仍然有较大的提升空间;②农户的生计方式由以外出务工为主向以经营民宿为主转变,农户生活水平显著提高;③家庭劳动力数量、房屋结构、获得外来支持以及基础设施完善程度对民宿村农户生计资本有重要的正向影响,其中房屋结构改善对生计资本增加的影响最为明显.

2020 is the final year of China s struggle against poverty and the first year for the full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.The sustainable development of farmers livelihood is the embodiment of a“prosperious rural industry”and the guarantee of a“well-off life”for the local people.As a new way for rural development,bed-and-breakfast(B&B)business is an important model for the sustainable development of rural households in remote and backward mountainous and hilly areas.Using the analysis framework of rural sustainable livelihood,this paper develops an evaluation index system of livelihood capital of rural households based on rural bed-and-breakfast.It analyzes the change of household s livelihood capital before and after the development of rural bed-and-breakfast in six typical villages in Chongqing,and analyzes the factors affecting the household s livelihood capital.The results show that the subsistence capital of the farmer households has increased obviously,but the total amount is not great enough,and there is still large room for improvement;that the survival strategy of the households has changed from making a living by migrant work to running B&B business of their own,and their living standard has improved significantly;and that with the development of rural B&B,the amount of household labor,housing structure,access to external support and the improvement of infrastructure have a significant positive impact on the household s livelihood capital,among them,the improvement of housing structure has the most obvious impact on the increase of livelihood capital.